南疆果粮间作模式下扁桃不同冠形间的差异及对小麦产量和生长的影响

通过对南疆地区间作种植模式下,成龄扁桃主干分层形(大冠型)和小冠形2种树形的树体结构、枝叶分布、产量差异及对不同间作区域小麦生长和产量影响的研究,旨在为南疆成龄扁(桃)-粮间作模式中选择适宜高光效树形提供一定的理论依据。以11a生晚丰品种为试材,设主干分层形和小冠形2个处理,对果树树冠结构、产量、透光情况进行调查,并对间作区域小麦的营养生长情况、旗叶质量、光合指标、产量构成指标进行分区调查测定。结果表明:与主干分层形相比,小冠形处理树冠体积小、单位体积负载量高、留枝量低、透光率高;对间作区域小麦生长及产量影响小;但由于树冠体积过小(不足主干分层形处理的1/5),在单位体积负载量显著提高的情况下,单株负载量仍不足主干分层形处理的2/3。分析认为扁桃小冠形树形,对间作区域小麦生长结实的影响小,现有种植模式下,缩小株距加大栽植密度,产量能得到较大幅度提高。小冠形树形配以合适密度,将是实现果粮双赢的有效途径。

The Difference of Almond Crown shapes and Its Influence on Wheat Growth and Yield in the Intercropping System of South Xinjiang

Through comparative study of trunk delaminating shape (large crown form) and little crown form treatments on mature almond tree, the effects of crown shape on tree architecture, branches and leaves distribution, output were studied; and the influences on wheat vegetative growth and grain yield were investigated, which provides theoretical basis for selection of suitable almond tree shape of mature almond wheat intercropping systems in South Xinjiang. 11 years old Wanfeng almond trees were used as materials, trunk delaminating shape and little crown shape were set as the treatments. The structure and light distribution of crown and the growth condition, flag leaf quality, leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of wheat in different intercropping areas were analyzed. Compared with trunk delaminating shape, the little crown form has small canopy volume, high unit volume load, low volume of branches, high light transmittance, and little influence on wheat growth and yield. Because of the small canopy volume of small crown form, the load is only 2/3 of trunk delaminating shape, though unit volume load is significantly high. The little crown form has little influence on wheat growth and yield in the intercropping system. Under the existing planting mode, yield can be increased by increasing the planting density. Small crown tree form with suitable planting density is an effective way to reach the win win goal of fruit and grain.