微生物生物技术在现代农业体系中的生态意义

在农业生态系统中,微生物有利于生态系统中养分循环,增加植物抗性,提高农作物对营养吸收,并改善土壤结构。保护微生物资源,维持微生物多样性,需要对微生物多样性进行评价。目前微生物多样性评价方法主要包括传统的微生物培养法、生物标记法、BIOLOG微平板分析方法和分子生物技术。在现代农业的进程中,利用微生物生物技术研制的微生物农药、微生物化肥、微生物饲料、微生物食品和微生物能源在农业上已开始应用。在未来,微生物生物技术在新品种培育、解决能源短缺和减少环境污染方面将会发挥越来越重要的作用。

Ecological Significance of Microbial Biotechnology in Modern Agroecosystem

Microorganisms play a key role in soil nutrient cycling in agro-ecosystems,for instance,protecting host plant against environmental stresses,improving the quality of soil structure and soil fertility.Microbial biodiversity is crucial in the maintenance of sustainability of agriculture.The methodologies of measurement of microbial biodiversity are mainly including traditional plate culture method,biological markers,BIOLOG and molecular biotechnology.In the present,various microbial products are commonly introduced into agroecosystem,such as microbial pesticide,bio-fertilizer,bio-forage,bio-food and bio-energy resources.It can be predicted that microbial biotechnology will become more and more important in molecular crop breeding,resolving energy shortage and reducing environmental pollution.