含蜡原油管道胶凝形成机理研究进展

介绍了国内外献中对含蜡原油胶凝形成机理的研究成果。研究结果表明，在含蜡原油管道中，当油温低于浊点时，易在管壁处形成一层类似固体的凝胶物质。含蜡原油管道胶凝的形成主要受热历史和剪切历史的影响，胶凝湿度随冷却速度的减小而降低，随剪切应力的增大而降低，而浊点与冷却速度和剪切应力无关。在环境湿度高于油温的情况下， 即便油温低于浊点湿度，含蜡原油也不会形成胶凝。由于胶凝具有类似固体的机械特性，因此冷却速率越快，石蜡晶体越小，越多，屈服应力也越大，胶凝屈服应力取决于蜡晶的大小和数目。

A Study for Mechanism of Wax-oil Gels Formation in a Waxy Crude Oil Pipeline,

Wax-oil gels may be formed in a waxy crude oil pipeline when oil temperature decreases below cloud point. The characteristics of these gels are strong functions of shear and thermal histories. The gelation temperature decreases with cooling rates decreasing and shear stress increasing,while cloud point is independent of the cooling rates and shear stress. When ambient temperature reaches over the oil temperature, if oil temperature decreases below the cloud point, wax-oil gels can not be formed. The yield stress of a wax-oil depends on the amount of precipated particles and on the sizes of the crystals.