化肥施用量对有机基质栽培番茄养分吸收利用的影响

以番茄为试验材料, 以蛭石︰羊粪=2︰1 为基质配方, 研究了有机基质栽培条件下不同化肥施用量对番茄氮、磷和钾吸收利用规律的影响。结果表明: 适量施用化肥可提高番茄产量, 促进番茄对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收; 氮、磷、钾的吸收量均随施肥量的增加而增加; 基质中氮、钾的利用率均随施肥量的增加而降低, 而磷的利用率则随化肥施用量的增加而增加; 适量施用化肥还可明显促进基质迟效养分转化为速效养分。每形成1 000 kg 番茄果实, 植株需吸收氮 2.540 kg、磷 0.751 kg、钾 4.347 kg。确定了在有机基质栽培下番茄较佳化肥施用量计算方法为: 化肥施用量=(1.5 倍番茄目标产量需肥量－有机基质中速效养分量)/化肥中养分吸收率。

Effect of chemical fertilizer dose on nutrient absorption and utilization of tomato cultured in organic substrate

Tomato was cultured in an organic substrate with two parts vermiculite and one part sheep manure. The effects of different chemical fertilizer application doses on N, P and K absorption and utilization of tomato were investigated under solar greenhouse conditions. Based on the results, N, P and K absorption and yield of tomato were enhanced by proper fertilizer application. The amount of N, P and K absorbed increased with the increasing chemical fertilizer dose. Also the utilization rate of N and K in organic substrate decreased with increasing fertilizer dose. However, the utilization rate of P increased with increasing of fertilizer dose. Furthermore, transformation of slow-releasing nutrients to available nutrient improved by proper fertilizer application. Under the organic cultivation, producing 1 000 kg tomato required 2.540 kg N, 0.751 kg P, 4.347 kg K. The calculation method of optimal chemical fertilizer dose under organic substrate culture was advanced in the study. The calculation formula was: chemical fertilizer dose = (1.5 times fertilizer dose needed for target yield - available nutrient content in organic substrate)/chemical fertilizer nutrient uptake ratio.