PPAR基因进化及其在脊椎动物发育过程中的表达

过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体(Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,PPAR)是核激素受体家族中的配体激活受体,在不同的物种中已经发现了它的3种亚型,即PPARα、PPARβ(也有称δ)和PPARγ。它们在多细胞动物进化的过程中获得配体结合能力,通过结合到相应的激活剂上,在一些重要的代谢途径中刺激靶基因的表达。其中PPARα和β在爪蟾的胚胎发育早期表达的组织范围较广,在后期表现出较大的组织特异性;在啮齿动物中PPARα、β和γ在胎儿发育和成年动物体内表现出特定的时间和组织上的依赖性的表达模式;PPARα和γ在人体内的表达范围较窄,而PPARβ则较广。

PPAR Evolution and Expression during Vertebrate Development

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPARs) are ligand activated receptors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family.As with other members of this super-family,it is thought that the ability of PPAR to bind to a ligand was acquired during metazoan evolution.Three different PPAR isotypes(PPAR α,PPAR β,also called δ,and PPAR γ) have been identified in various species.Upon binding to an activator,these receptors stimulate the expression of target genes implicated in important metabolic pathways.The present article is a review of PPAR evolution and expression in some aspects of Xenopus laevis and rodent embryonic development.PPAR α and β are ubiquitously expressed in Xenopus early embryos but become more tissue restricted later in development.In rodents,PPAR α,PPAR β and PPAR γ show specific time-and tissue-dependent patterns of expression during fetal development and in the adult animals.In human,PPAR β's expression more widely than PPAR α and γ.