长江中游夏大豆地方品种资源特点及遗传变异

本文研究长江中游地区大豆地方品种资源的区域特点、产量及品质性状的选择潜势。与长江下游资源相比,中游资源具前期长、植株高、百粒重小、蛋白质含量高而油分含量低、多数性状变异较小的特点,小区产量与每英粒数及其它英性状显著正相关,而与生育前期、生育后期及百粒重无明显的关系。两地资源的产量与蛋白质含量、油分含量均无相关,蛋白质含量与油分含量均负相关。五个分区资源在产量、蛋白质含量及株型性状上存在差异,油分含量差异不明显。中游地区的小区产量GCV、h_B~2都较高,具有较大的选择潜力。油分含量、蛋白质含量的GCV低、h_B~2高,选择响应较大,但仍有必要创造变异。

A STUDY ON THE PECULIARITY AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SOYBEAN LAND RACE POPULATION FROM THE MIDDLE-YANGTZE VALLEY

A random sample of ninety-four soybean varieties of the land race population from the Middle-Yangtze Valley was studied to reveal the peculiarities and the yield, protein content and oil content variabilities. The results indicated that the soybean germplasm from the Middle Yangtze Valley was longer in days to flowering, higher in plant height and protein content, smaller in 100-seed weight, lower in oil content, and smaller in genetic variabilities in most of the characters studied as compared with that from the Lower Yangtze Valley. The yield was significantly positively correlated with number of seeds per pod and other pod charaters, but not correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity and 100-seed weight. In the soybean germplasm populations from both the Middle-and-Lower-Yangtze Valley, the yield showed no significant correlation with the protein and oil content and the high protein content was associated with the low oil content.There, were differences in yield, protein content and other plant type characters except oil content among the five sub-populations from various econogical regions of the Middle Yangtze Valley. The yield with larger GCV and h_B~2 values possessed a greater selection potential and the oil content and protein content with larger h_B~2 and lower GCV values possessed medium selection responses. Some more variabilities should be created when the two seed quality characters are to be improved.