旱地条件下冬小麦产量和农艺性状对养分投入的响应

以9个旱地冬小麦品种为材料，通过田间试验研究其产量及主要农学性状与养分投入水平的关系。与不施肥对照相比，在低、高水平养分投入条件下小麦籽粒产量分别提高20%和40%，生物量提高17%和35%，单位面积穗数增加11%和25%，穗粒数增加8%和10%。高产品种的生物量、单位面积穗数、穗粒数及其随养分投入增加而提高的幅度显著高于低产品种。千粒重不受养分投入水平的影响。旱地条件下，不同小麦品种的产量、生物量、单位面积穗数和穗粒数均随养分投入水平的提高而显著提高，并且存在品种间差异。高生物量、高单位面积穗数和穗粒数是旱地高产品种的重要特征，它们对养分投入的敏感响应是高产品种养分投入提高后产量提高的主要原因。

Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat Varieties in Response to Fertilization in Dryland

The effects of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and its components have been widely studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and it is generally understand that phosphorus fertilizer has the increase potential of spike number and 1000-kernel weight, whereas, nitrogen fertilizer may promote the spike number and grain number per spike but reduce the 1000-kernel weight. However, these conclusions were obtained in studies with high inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen. To gain insights into the effect of fertilizer input level on the yield response of wheat in dryland, we planted nine winter wheat varieties in the field where no fertilizer applied for six years. Compared with the control (zero input of fertilizer), dry matter and kernel yield increased by 17% and 20% in the treatment of low fertilizer, and by 35% and 40% in the treatment of high fertilizer, respectively. In the low-fertilizer treatment, spike number and kernel number per spike were 11% and 8% greater than those in the control, respectively. In the high-fertilizer treatment, larger values of the two traits were observed (25% and 10%, respectively). The increments of dry matter, spike number, and kernel number per spike were greater in high-yielding varieties than in low-yield ones, showing a stronger response of high-yielding variety to the input of fertilizer. However, there was no effect of fertilizer rate on 1000-kernel weight. The results implied that yield, dry matter, spike number, and kernel number per spike of different varieties had diverse responses to the level of fertilizer input under dryland condition. High-yielding varieties were characterized with high levels of dry matter, spike number, and kernel number per spike, and their sensitive responses to fertilizer rates contributed greatly to higher yields when more fertilizer was applied.