锦绣杜鹃花芽分化与叶片物质变化的相关性研究

观察锦绣杜鹃的花芽分化结构变化,测定来自不同开花率的植株叶片中蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素含量,初步探讨这些物质变化与其花芽分化过程的相关性。结果表明:广州地区的锦绣杜鹃在6月下旬开始花芽形态分化,约40 d形成完整的小花结构,8月中下旬出现肉眼可见花蕾。锦绣杜鹃在花芽分化过程中,高成花率植株的功能叶中干物质含量趋于稳定。蛋白质含量出现升高-降低-升高-降低的起伏变化,直至花芽分化完成后再一直回升趋于平稳;可溶性糖、叶绿素含量均呈升高-降低-再回升的变化趋势;淀粉含量呈降低-升高-降低-再回升的变化。蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素在花芽分化前的快速有效积累和后期的有效利用,对锦绣杜鹃花芽分化具有非常重要的作用,并与植株成花率有一定的关系。

Flower Bud Differentiation and Its Relationship with Qualitative Change in the Leaves of Rhododendron pulchrum

In this study, Rhododendron pulchrum planted in the green space of Guangzhou was used as the experimental material. Upon the morphology changes of flower bud differentiation, the contents of leaf protein, soluble sugar, starch and leaf chlorophyll in groups of different blooming percentage were determined to make a preliminary study on the relationship between these content change and flower bud differentiation in R. pulchrum. The results showed that the morphological differentiation flower bud of R. pulchrum began in late June, ended at early August. It took about 40 days to complete a full flower organ, then visible buds formed at the mid-August. In the process of flower bud differentiation of R. pulchrum, change of leaf dry matter content remained stable; Protein content in leaves showed a fluctuation of increased-decreased-increased- decreased, then rebound until flower bud differentiation finished; Soluble sugar and leaf chlorophyll contents showed the change of increased-decreased-increased; Starch content decreased firstly and then increased. The accumulation of protein, soluble sugar, starch and chlorophyll at the beginning of flower bud differentiation and the effectively use of them plays a very important role in the flower bud differentiation and flower open.