迷迭香和甲酸对蜜蜂寄生螨防治效果比较研究

目的]比较迷迭香和甲酸对蜂螨的治疗效果。方法]将甲酸加水配成80%溶液,对蜂螨进行熏杀治疗,采用水提法提取迷迭香提取液,对蜂螨进行喷雾触杀治疗,不作药物治疗为对照,计算处理后24、48 h蜂螨死亡情况以及处理后7、14、21 d蜂螨寄生率变化情况。结果]甲酸熏杀和迷迭香喷雾触杀后24、48 h的蜂螨死亡数均高于对照,甲酸与迷迭香和对照的差异极显著,迷迭香与对照的差异不显著。迷迭香和甲酸处理后7、14、21 d的蜂螨寄生率均下降,而对照组上升,其中,迷迭香组5群蜜蜂蜂螨寄生率下降13.3%～3.4%,甲酸组下降26.7%～10.0%;用药21 d后,甲酸和迷迭香与对照的差异极显著。结论]经过21 d治疗,迷迭香和甲酸均能使蜂螨寄生率明显下降,迷迭香可作为无公害植物源杀螨剂的备选药物。

Comparative Studies on Control Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Formic Acid on Bee Mites

Objective]The study aimed to compare the control effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L.and formic acid on the bee mites.Method]The formic acid was matched into 80% acid solution by adding the water to conduct the treatment by fumigating kill on the bee mite and R.officinalis was extract into the extracting solution by using water extraction to conduct the touch treatment by spraying on the bee mite,with no drug treatment as the CK.The death condition of bee mite after treatment for 24 and 48 h and the changes of bee mite parasitic rate after treatment for 14,21 and 7 d were counted.Result]The deaths of bee mites treated through the fumigating kill by the formic acid and through the touch kill by R.officinalis for 24 and 48 h were higher than CK.Statistics showed that the effect of formic acid had the extremely significant difference with that of R.officinalis and CK and the effect of R.officinalis had no significant difference with that of CK.The parasitic rate of bee mites treated by the formic acid and R.officinalis for 7,14 and 21 d were all decreased while the that of CK was rose,in which,the parasitic rate of bee mites in R.officinalis group with 5 swarm of bees was decreased by 13.3%-3.4% and that in formic acid group was decreased by 26.7%-10.0%.Statistics showed that the effects of formic acid and R.officinalis had extremely significant difference with that of CK after drug application for 21 d.Conclusion]After 21 d treatment,R.officinalis and the formic acid all could make the parasitic rate of bee mite dropped significantly,so R.officinalis can be used as the alternative medicine of acaricidal agent from the pollution-free plant source.