Entrance resistance of enveloped drainage pipes

The entrance resistance and the effective radius of corrugated PVC drain pipes without envelope and with six different prewrapped envelopes were evaluated in a sand tank experiment.By applying the theory of resistances, the entrance resistance of the naked pipe was found to be 0.0136 days/m. With envelopes, the values were 0.0024 to 0.0067 days/m, depending on the types of envelope.The effective radius of the naked pipe was found to be 0.47 cm for a drain pipe with an actual radius of 3.0 cm. This value increased to between 1.20 and 2.50 cm when envelope material was used. Then the values of the calculated entrance resistances were substituted in the steady state drainage equations under normal field conditions to evaluate the effect on drain spacing. In all equations, a tendency towards increasing the drain spacing was observed when envelope material was used.