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A high virulence and pathotype diversity of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici at its centre of diversity,the Himalayan region of Pakistan
Authors:Sajid Ali  Marc Leconte  Hidayatur Rahman  Muhammad Shahab Saqib  Pierre Gladieux  Jérôme Enjalbert  Claude de Vallavieille-Pope
Affiliation:1. INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP, BP01, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
2. Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
3. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
4. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
5. UMR 8079 Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-F, 91405, Orsay, France
6. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
7. INRA UMR 320 Génétique Végétale, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
Abstract:Information on the pathogen virulence profile and diversity across locations is crucial for host germplasm improvement and deployment. The rapid acquisition of virulence to host resistance by the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici: PST), makes it crucial to know about its virulence and pathotype diversity. Recent studies have shown the plausible centre of origin of the pathogen in the Himalayan region, with Pakistan being the most ancestral to all other worldwide populations. To assess the status of virulence and pathotype diversity in the Himalayan region of Pakistan, a set of 127 PST infected wheat samples from eight locations were collected, multiplied and pathotyped using a set of 36 differential lines from the world set, European and Chinese sets, and 9 Avocet Yr isolines. Virulence (Vr) was recorded to 18 out of 24 tested yellow rust resistance (Yr) genes, while a total of 53 pathotypes were detected out of 127 isolates tested. Virulence was found to the resistance genes rarely deployed in Pakistan (Vr8) or even worldwide level (Vr5), while virulence to Vilmorin 23 (Yr3+) was absent in Pakistan, which is common in Europe. None of the pathotypes was dominant across all locations, however, no clear spatial structuring was observed for the studied locations. Our results suggested a high virulence and pathotype diversity in line with the previously proposed potential role of sexual recombination in the temporal maintenance of PST in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. This information should be useful in host resistance gene improvement and deployment.
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