连作障碍产生机理及防控现状

由于我国人口的迅速增长、耕地资源限制和粮食作物产区相对比较集中等各种因素的共同影响,在农业生产中作物长期连作已经形成了一个较为普遍的发展态势。随着连作年限的增长,作物的生产受到不同程度的影响,因此由连作所引发的一系列连作障碍已成为制约农作物生产可持续发展的一个重要原因,并引起了全球各方的广泛重视。许多作物在长期连作模式中都会发生连作障碍,这主要是由于植物的自毒作用、土壤中致病微生物的增殖、微生物区系失衡和土壤理化性质的劣变所引起的,目前科研工作者们根据连作障碍重要因子研究出了多种绿色有效的生物防控方法,主要通过研制生物菌剂、有机肥、土壤强还原措施以及噬菌体疗法等来防控连作障碍,各项试验证明这些方法都是切实有效的,而且绿色环保,符合我国绿色可持续发展理念。鉴于此,本综述针对目前连作障碍产生的主要因素,以及近年来提出的防控连作障碍的各种措施进行了阐述,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望,为之后的连作障碍研究提供理论依据,以期克服作物连作障碍难题,促进新农业的健康可持续发展。

The Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles and The Current Situation of Prevention and Control

Due to the rapid growth of population, the limited arable land resources and the relative concentration of grain crop producing areas, long-term continuous cropping has become a universal development trend in agricultural production. With the increase of continuous cropping years, the production of food crops has been affected to varying degrees, so a series of continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping have become an important reason restricting the sustainable development of crop production, which has aroused widespread concern all over the world. Many crops will encounter continuousScropping obstaclesSunder the long-term continuous cropping mode, which are mainly caused bySplants self-toxicity, the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, imbalance of microbial flora, deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties and accumulation of root-knot nematodes. At present, scientific researchers have developed a plurality of green and effective biological prevention and control methods for continuous cropping obstacles according to important factors of continuous cropping obstacles, which are mainly realized by developing biological agents, organic fertilizers, soil strong reduction measures and phage therapy are used to prevent and control continuous cropping obstacles. Various experiments prove that these methods are effective, green and environment-friendly, which conform to the concept of green and sustainable development in China. In view of this, this review focused on the main factors of continuous cropping obstacles, and the various means of prevention of continuous cropping obstacles proposed in recent years, and predicted the trend of future research in this field, so as to provide the basis for the research on continuous cropping obstacles, in order to overcome the problem of continuous cropping obstacles, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of new agriculture.