中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价与影响因素分析

海水鱼养殖业作为中国海水养殖重要产业，在大食物观背景下正面临推进绿色转型的关键阶段，亟需提升绿色发展效率。本文运用超效率SBM模型，构建起包含非期望产出的海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价指标体系，对中国海水鱼养殖业开展绿色发展效率评价，并基于面板Tobit模型探究影响海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率提升的关键因素。研究结果表明，2017-2019年中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率值分别为0.887、0.969、0.734，整体未达到绿色发展效率有效率状态。其中，卵形鲳鲹、军曹鱼在2017-2019年处于绿色发展效率有效率状态，大黄鱼和大菱鲆分别在2018年和2019年处于绿色发展效率有效率状态，其余养殖品种均未达到绿色发展效率有效率状态。海水鱼养殖绿色技术水平、海水鱼绿色养殖结构占比、海水鱼市场价格对绿色发展效率有显著的正向影响；政策支持对绿色发展效率呈正向影响，但不显著。本文通过对中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率评价及影响因素分析，提出提升中国海水鱼养殖业绿色发展效率的对策建议，以期为促进中国海水鱼养殖业向绿色转型升级提供科学依据。

Analysis of Green Development Efficiency and Its Influence Factors of Marine Fish Culture Industry in China

Marine fish culture industry in China as the pillar industry of aquaculture, has contributed to the optimization of China’s aquaculture. However, the development of this industry is limited by a wide range of environmental concerns, resulting from the ecological impacts of aquaculture inputs and resources. In order to achieve sustainable social-economic-environmental development under the Greater Food Approach, marine fish culture industry is promoting green development and industrial transformation and upgrading. Green development efficiency (GDE) is an important criterion for measuring the level of green development. It considers not only economic development efficiency but also environmental costs. Therefore, this study focused on the key scientific issue of the key factors affecting the GDE of marine fish culture industry. This paper established an evaluation index system and used the super-slack-based measure model (Super-SBM) to evaluate the GDE of marine fish culture industry, Tobit model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting the GDE of marine fish culture industry. The results show that the GDE of marine fish culture industry was in an inefficient state with the GDE of 0.8868, 0.9687, 0.7344 from 2017 to 2019. Trachinotus ovatus and Rachycentron canadum were the two culture species in an efficient state from 2017 to 2019, Larimichthys crocea was in an efficient state in 2018, Scophthalmus maximus was in an efficient state in 2019. Other marine fish culture species were in an inefficient state from 2017 to 2019. With the Tobit model, the influence factors of the green technology level, the scale proportions of green modes and the market price were significant positive effects on the GDE, while the influence factor of the policy support was insignificant positive effects on the GDE. The results of this paper present suggestions to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry in China and provide valuable insights for improving the GDE of marine fish culture industry.