农户人力资本投资对农民收入的差异化影响——基于城镇化的调节作用

发挥农户人力资本投资对农民增收的赋能作用，对提高农民收入质量、增强农民可持续增收能力、实现共同富裕目标具有重要的现实意义。本文利用2010—2021年长江经济带110个地级市的数据，采用双向固定效应模型分析农户人力资本投资对农民收入的影响，深入分析其群体异质性和区域异质性，探索城镇化的调节效应和作用机制，进一步利用门槛效应模型探索农户人力资本投资对农民收入的非线性影响。结果表明：农户人力资本投资对农民收入存在显著正向影响，但其影响效应具有典型的双重门槛特征；异质性表明农户人力资本投资对中高收入农民群体的增收效应更明显，对长江下游地区农民的促进作用最显著；农户健康投资能够带动各类农民群体增收；城镇化在农户人力资本投资对农民收入的影响中发挥正向调节作用。为此，应加大农村公共教育投资、提高全民健康素养和居民健康水平、完善农村交通网络建设、推动城乡融合发展、分类有序推进县域城镇化进程，着力提升欠发达地区和低收入农民群体的人力资本投资能力，构建农民稳定可持续增收机制。

Differential influences of farmers’ human capital investment on farmers’ income: Based on the moderating effect of urbanization

Fully utilizing farmers’ human capital investment to enhance their income growth holds significant practical implications for improving the quality of farmers’ income, strengthening their capacity for sustainable income increase, and achieving common prosperity. Based on a data from 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2021, this paper adopts a two-way fixed-effect model to analyze the impacts of farmers’ human capital investment on their incomes, to explore its group heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity in depth, and to examine the moderating effect and the mechanism of urbanization. In addition, this paper also uses the threshold effect model to analyze the nonlinear impacts of farmers’ human capital investment on their incomes. Results show that farmers’ human capital investment has a significant positive impact on their income, but its impact effect is characterized by a typical double thresholds. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the income-enhancing effect of farmers’ human capital investment is more obvious for middle- and high-income farmer groups and has the most significant boost for farmers in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Farmers’ health investment can lead to increased incomes for various groups of farmers. Urbanization plays a positive moderating role in the impacts of farmers’ human capital investment on their income. Therefore, this paper provides the following suggestions: shifting more efforts to increase investment in rural public education, improving the health literacy of the entire population and the health level of the population, supporting the construction of rural transportation networks, promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas, advancing the urbanization process of counties in a categorized and orderly manner, with a focus on upgrading the ability to invest in the human capital of underdeveloped regions and low-income farmer groups, and building a mechanism for stable and sustainable income growth for farmers.