上海市三大饮用水源地水库鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)肌肉特性的比较

为了探究不同运营管理模式、不同水库鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)肌肉的生化和物理特性差异。采用常规生化分析法和组织学特性分析法，对上海三大饮用水源地青草沙、陈行、金泽水库2龄鳙肌肉的脂肪、蛋白、氨基酸、脂肪酸等生化特性和质构等物理特性进行了分析。结果显示：鳙肌肉的粗蛋白含量在18.11%~18.63%之间、粗灰分1.27%~1.34%之间，二者在三个水库之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)；青草沙水库鳙肌肉的pH值(6.45%)和水分(80.69%)含量显著高于陈行(6.27%、78.43%)、金泽水库(6.24%、79.28%)(P<0.05)；金泽水库鳙的粗脂肪含量(0.76%)显著高于青草沙(0.29%)、陈行水库(0.28%)(P<0.05)；三个水库鳙肌肉检出的氨基酸和脂肪酸均为17种，金泽水库(10.49%)鳙肌肉的总SFA含量显著高于青草沙 (8.46%)、陈行水库(9.30%)(P<0.05)；质构指标除黏附性没有显著差异(P>0.05)，其余指标如硬度、弹性、凝聚性等均有显著差异(P<0.05)；金泽水库鳙的肌细胞数量、长径显著低于青草沙、陈行水库(P<0.05)。研究表明，不同水库环境对鳙肌肉的蛋白、灰分含量影响差异不显著，对脂肪含量、肌纤维组织学特性影响差异显著，三个水库鳙肌肉均为优质蛋白源，陈行水库鳙肌肉的营养价值更高。

Comparison of muscle characteristics of Aristichthys nobilis in three drinking water sources in Shanghai

In order to explore the differences of biochemical and physical properties of Aristichthys nobilis muscle in different operation and management modes and different reservoirs. The biochemical characteristics such as fat, protein, amino acid, fatty acid and physical properties such as texture of two-year-old bighead carp muscle in Qingcaosha Reservoir, Chenhang Reservoir and Jinze Reservoir were analyzed by conventional biochemical analysis and histological characteristics analysis. The results showed that the crude protein content of bighead carp muscle was between 18.11 % and 18.63 %, and the crude ash content was between 1.27 % and 1.34 %. There was no significant difference between the three reservoirs ( P > 0.05 ). The pH value ( 6.45 % ) and moisture content ( 80.69 % ) of bighead carp muscle in Qingcaosha Reservoir were significantly higher than those in Chenhang ( 6.27 %, 78.43 % ) and Jinze Reservoir ( 6.24 %, 79.28 % ) ( P < 0.05 ). The crude fat content of bighead carp in Jinze Reservoir ( 0.76 % ) was significantly higher than that in Qingcaosha Reservoir ( 0.29 % ) and Chenhang Reservoir ( 0.28 % ) ( P < 0.05 ). There were 17 kinds of amino acids and fatty acids detected in the muscle of bighead carp in the three reservoirs. The total SFA content of bighead carp muscle in Jinze Reservoir ( 10.49 % ) was significantly higher than that in Qingcaosha Reservoir ( 8.46 % ) and Chenhang Reservoir ( 9.30 % ) ( P < 0.05 ). The texture indexes such as hardness, elasticity and cohesiveness were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) except for adhesion ( P > 0.05 ). The number and length of muscle cells of bighead carp in Jinze Reservoir were significantly lower than those in Qingcaosha Reservoir and Chenhang Reservoir ( P < 0.05 ). The results showed that different reservoir environments had no significant difference in protein and ash content of bighead carp muscle, but had significant difference in fat content and histological characteristics of muscle fiber. The muscle of bighead carp in the three reservoirs was a high-quality protein source, and the nutritional value of bighead carp muscle in Chenhang Reservoir was higher.