配合饲料和冰鲜鱼养殖的中华绒螯蟹囤养期间营养品质比较

为了解配合饲料和冰鲜鱼养殖的河蟹囤养期间营养品质，本研究用配合饲料养殖的河蟹(CF)和冰鲜鱼养殖的河蟹(CTF)进行为期三个月的囤养，比较可食率、常规营养物质、脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成。结果表明：(1) 囤养期间，两种饵料河蟹性腺指数呈上升趋势，肝胰腺指数和总可食率呈下降趋势，出肉率无显著性变化；(2)囤养期间，两种饵料河蟹肝胰腺水分和蛋白质含量呈上升趋势，脂肪含量呈下降趋势，性腺脂肪呈下降趋势，肌肉当中营养物质无明显变化；(3)CF河蟹可食组织(除精巢外)C18:2n6(LA)含量显著高于CTF河蟹，而肝胰腺和卵巢中EPA和DHA含量显著低于CTF河蟹(P＜0.05)。囤养过后，CF河蟹可食组织C18:2n6(LA)、C20:4n6(ARA)、∑n-6PUFA含量增加且显著高于CTF河蟹(P＜0.05)，CTF河蟹可食组织EPA、DHA和∑n-3PUFA含量增加且显著高于CF河蟹；(4) 两种饵料河蟹囤养过后肌肉当中甘氨酸(Gly)含量增加，而组氨酸(His)、精氨酸(Ary)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量降低。CF河蟹性腺囤养前天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)和总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于CTF河蟹(P＜0.05)，囤养过后CTF河蟹谷氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸含量显著高于CF河蟹(P＜0.05)。综上所述，两种饵料养殖的河蟹囤养期间未出现明显的“掉膏”现象，但可食组织营养物质有明显的流失尤其是肝胰腺，从脂肪酸和氨基酸来看，囤养期间配合饲料河蟹C18:2n6和C20:4n6含量增加，冰鲜鱼河蟹EPA和DHA含量增加，整体而言囤养对河蟹脂肪酸有一定优化作用，肌肉的甜味氨基酸含量增加，而性腺当中鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量下降，整体品质变差。

Comparison of nutritional quality of Chinese mitten crab cultured with compound feed and chilled fish during storage

In order to understand the nutritional quality of crabs cultured with compound feed and chilled fish during storage, this study carried out three-month storage with crabs farmed with compound feed (CF) and crabs farmed with chilled fish (CTF). Edibility, conventional nutrients, fatty acid and free amino acid composition. The results showed that: (1) During the hoarding period, the gonadal index of the crabs with the two kinds of feeds showed an upward trend, the hepatopancreas index and the total edible rate showed a downward trend, and there was no significant change in the meat yield; (2) During the hoarding period, the two kinds of bait The content of water and protein in the hepatopancreas of crabs showed an upward trend, while the fat content showed a downward trend. (3) The content of C18:2n6(LA) in edible tissues (except testis) of CF crab was significantly higher than that of CTF crab, while the contents of EPA and DHA in hepatopancreas and ovary were significantly lower than those of CTF crab (P<0.05). After hoarding, the contents of C18:2n6(LA), C20:4n6(ARA) and ∑n-6PUFA in the edible tissues of CF crabs increased and were significantly higher than those of CTF crabs (P＜0.05). The content of ∑n-3PUFA increased and was significantly higher than that of CF river crab; (4) The content of glycine (Gly) in the muscle of the two kinds of bait crabs increased, while the content of histidine (His), arginine (Ary) and proline (Pro) decreased. The contents of aspartic acid (Asp), threonine (Thr), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and total amino acid (TAA) in CF crabs before gonad storage were significantly higher than those in CTF crabs (P<0.05), the contents of glutamate, alanine and arginine in CTF crabs were significantly higher than those in CF crabs after storage (P<0.05). To sum up, there is no obvious "gloss loss" phenomenon during the storage period of the two kinds of bait-cultured crabs, but there is a significant loss of nutrients in the edible tissue, especially the hepatopancreas. The C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 contents of feed crabs increased, and the EPA and DHA contents of chilled fish crabs increased. On the whole, hoarding had a certain optimization effect on the fatty acids of crabs, and the content of sweet amino acids in muscles increased, while the umami amino acids and The content of sweet amino acids decreased and the overall quality deteriorated.