不同花生品种果腐病发病情况比较研究

通过在自然病圃条件下，研究不同品种果腐病的发病情况，为当地花生生产选择耐果腐病花生品种提供参考。研究表明，不同品种花生果腐病发病率和病情指数存在显著差异，其中，开农308的果腐病发病率和病情指数最低，分别为17.86%和10.31%；其次为开农1715，分别为26.42%和12.02%；中花12号果腐病最严重，果腐病发病率和病情指数分别为31.06%和14.65%。不同品种各级果腐病占比情况表现显著差异；在以总荚果数为参照下，以开农308的各级占比最低，果腐病危害最轻，其次为开农1715，中花12号危害最重；以感病荚果数为参照下，中花12号3级占比最少，而5级和7级占比显著高于开农308和开农1715，开农308和开农1715各级果腐病感病差异不显著。在本试验条件下，高油酸花生开农308的果腐病发病较轻，其次是高油酸花生开农1715，中花12号花生品种果腐病发病最重。

Comparison of Pod Rot Incidence in Different Peanut Cultivars

The incidence of pod rot in different peanut varieties was investigated under natural disease conditions to provide a reference for selecting peanut varieties resistant to pod rot in local peanut production. The results revealed significant differences in the incidence and disease index of pod rot among the various peanut varieties. Among them, ‘Kainong308’ exhibited the lowest pod rot incidence and disease index at 17.86% and 10.31%, respectively, followed by ‘Kainong1715’ at 26.42% and 12.02%, respectively. ‘Zhonghua12’ showed the most severe symptoms, with a pod rot incidence and disease index of 31.06% and 14.65%, respectively. When considering the total number of pods as a reference, the proportion of pod rot at all levels varied significantly among different varieties, with ‘Kainong308’ having the lowest proportion, followed by ‘Kainong1715’, and ‘Zhonghua12’ exhibiting the most serious damage. When considering the number of susceptible pods as a reference, ‘Zhonghua12’ had the lowest proportion of grade 3, while grades 5 and 7 accounted for significantly higher proportions compared to ‘Kainong308’ and ‘Kainong1715’, with no significant difference between ‘Kainong308’ and ‘Kainong1715’. Under the experimental conditions, the incidence of pod rot was mild in high oleic acid peanut ‘Kainong308’, followed by high oleic acid peanut ‘Kainong1715’, while ‘Zhonghua12’ experienced the most severe incidence of pod rot.