河北省域乡村聚落空间分布及其影响因素研究

在宏观尺度上剖析乡村聚落的空间分布特征及其影响因素，有利于全面了解乡村聚落的空间分异规律及其形成原因，并为村庄规划等工作提供研究基础。以河北省为主要研究区域，借助景观格局指数、最邻近分析、核密度估计等方法，分析乡村聚落的总体变化和空间分布特征，并综合运用分布指数、因子分析法和多元线性回归分析法探究影响乡村聚落空间分布的主要因素。结果表明：2000年以来尤其是2010年之后，河北省乡村聚落主要以外延方式扩大规模，且逐渐呈规模化、集中化分布，其主要集聚分布于地形平坦的东南部地区，且其集聚程度不断提升；高耸地形、不利于农业生产的土壤以及大小规模河湖等自然因素对乡村聚落空间分布的限制性正在减弱，不同等级城镇、道路等区位因素对乡村聚落产生集聚作用的程度和影响半径等有所差异；乡村产住规模、区域经济发展水平和区域基础设施完善度是影响河北省乡村聚落空间分布的主要社会和经济因素，且不同因素的主要作用区域有所差异。研究结果可为我国北方相关地区开展差异化的乡村聚落优化提供理论依据。

Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements and Its Influencing Factors in Hebei Province

Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristic of rural settlements and their influencing factors on a macro scale is conducive to comprehensively understanding the spatial differential law of rural settlements and its forming reasons, and providing a research basis for village planning and other work. Taking Hebei Province as the main research area, the overall changes and spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements were analyzed with the help of landscape pattern indices, the nearest neighbor analysis and kernel density estimation, and the main factors influencing rural settlement spatial distribution were explored based on the integrated application of distribution indices, factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that since 2000, especially after 2010, rural settlements in Hebei Province had mainly expanded their area through extension development and gradually showed a large-scale and concentrated distribution. They were aggregated in the southeast of Hebei Province and their degree of agglomeration was continuously increasing. The limitations of natural factors such as towering terrain, soil that was not conducive to agricultural production and rivers and lakes of different scales on the spatial distribution of rural settlements were weakening. There were differences in the degree and radius of agglomeration effects that locational factors such as towns or roads of different levels on rural settlements. The rural production and housing scale, the regional economic development and the regional infrastructure completeness were the main social and economic factors that affected the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Hebei Province, and the main areas affected by different factors were distinct. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the differentiated optimization of rural settlement in relevant regions of northern China.