种蛋受精与性别信息无损检测技术与装备研究进展

种蛋受精及性别鉴别关系到家禽孵化、养殖的经济效益和动物福利伦理等，种蛋受精与性别信息的检测是禽、蛋产业发展的难题，特别是种蛋性别的无损鉴定是世界难题。合适有效的无损检测技术，不仅应获得相关未知信息且不会对种蛋造成任何损伤，因此无损检测种蛋成为研究热点。然而，由于蛋壳厚度和颜色等外部品质形状差异、内部流体形态变化和胚胎发育等因素的影响，难以实现准确检测。本文对比了现有种蛋无损检测研究中的相关方法与技术，包括机器视觉技术、光谱技术、声共振频率分析、生物电信号分析、敲击振动法、介电常数分析、气味特征分析等；分析了种蛋受精和性别信息无损检测仍存在的技术限制、发育阶段检测限制、蛋壳干扰和种蛋个体差异性等方面挑战，并针对未来的研究及发展探讨了高光谱成像、X射线成像、超声波成像和磁共振成像等新兴技术应用于种蛋受精与性别无损检测的可行性。

Progress and Prospect in Non-destructive Assessment Technologies and Equipment of Fertilization and Gender Determination in Hatching Eggs

The process of fertilization and gender determination in avian eggs directly impacts the economic efficiency and ethical considerations within poultry incubation and breeding operations. Historically, the detection of fertilization status and gender information in eggs has represented a significant bottleneck in the advancement of the poultry and egg sectors. The non-destructive identification of egg sex stands as a particularly formidable challenge on a global scale. Non-destructive detection methodologies that are both suitable and efficacious promise not only to unveil pertinent, previously inaccessible information but also to do so without inflicting any harm upon the eggs, hence the surge in research interest in recent times. Nevertheless, the quest for precise detection is complicated by factors, including but not limited to the variability in eggshell thickness and coloration, the dynamic nature of the internal fluids, and the intricacies of embryonic development. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the array of non-destructive detection techniques show cased in extant literature was conducted, encompassing machine vision, spectroscopic technologies, acoustic resonance frequency analysis, bioelectrical signal analysis, percussive vibration methods, dielectric constant analysis, and olfactory signature analysis. Moreover, it delineated the persistent challenges faced in the non destructive assay of fertilization and sex data in avian eggs and articulated a forward-looking discussion on the potential integration of nascent technological applications in forthcoming investigative endeavors.