芸芥(Eruca sativa Mill.)与芸薹属(Brassica L.) 3个油用种的远缘杂交

采用芸芥(Eruca sativa Mill.)与芸薹属3个油用种（Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Brassica rapa）进行杂交，共授粉15 990朵花，获得1 257个角果，711粒杂交种子，结角率为7.86%，亲和指数0.045。经形态学鉴定，无论芸芥作母本还是芸薹属的三个油用种作母本，F1植株均为偏母植株。杂交所获得角果的角粒数很低，许多角果

Intergeneric Crosses between Eruca sativa Mill. and Brassica Species

Crosses were made between Eruca sativa Mill. and Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa and the parent materials were selfed. Totally 15 990 stigmas were pollinated and 1 257 pods, 711 pollinated seeds and 675 F 1 plants were obtained. The pods set rate and compatibility index were 7.86%, 0.045 respectively. All the F 1 plants showed the same morphological characters as their female parents, which suggested that F 1 was matroclinous hybrid and the crosses between E. sativa Mill. and B. napus, B. juncea and B. rapa were highly incompatible. The relics of abortive embryos could be found in most of the pods developed from the distant crosses between Brassica and Eruca, and they were possibly the hybrid embryos. The hybrid embryos stopped growth 9 days after pollinated. The pollen-stigma binding, germination of pollen grains and the growth of pollen tubes in the surface of stigma and style were observed under fluorescent microscope. The results showed that the binding degree and germinating rate of pollen grain were weakened when E. sativa Mill. was pollinated with B. napus and the binding degree and germinating rate of pollen grain varied on the cross direction. The pollen of B. napus was hardly ever observed binding to the stigma of E. sativa Mill. which was used as female parent. The callose could be found easily depositing in papillose cells when both B. napus and E. sativa Mill. were used as female parent. It was suggested that the incompatible reaction caused by pollen-stigma interaction could be the one of main barriers of intergeneric crosses between E. sativa Mill. and Brassica crops.