10种除草剂对裸燕麦田杂草的药效、燕麦产量及安全性影响

为筛选出黄土高原半干旱地区裸燕麦田的适宜高效除草剂,研究了10种除草剂在常规剂量下对田间杂草防效、燕麦产量及安全性的影响。结果表明:不同除草剂在燕麦田的表现差异显著(P0.05)。其中,苗期茎叶除草剂双氟·唑嘧磺草胺和人工除草的防效较高,均在80%以上;而双氟·唑嘧磺草胺对产量的增效高于人工除草,可使白燕2号干草及种子产量分别达到10 739.0、3 238.3kg/hm2,比对照增产28.7%。其次,播前土壤处理除草剂仲丁灵和播后苗前土壤处理精异丙甲草胺也具有较好的防效和增产效果。而除草剂氟乐灵、乙氧氟草醚、唑草酮对燕麦田杂草防除效果较差,且对燕麦表现出一定的药害,2,4-D丁酯还可使裸燕麦籽粒出现带壳现象。各产量构成指标中,施用除草剂对燕麦的株高、穗长、千粒质量等影响较小,对小穗数、穗粒数、干草产量、种子产量有较显著的影响。

Preliminary studies on effects of herbicides for control efficacy,yield and safety in naked oat

In order to screen the suitable herbicides in field with Baiyan No.2 naked oat (Avena nuda )in semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau,the study conducted a studying of 10 kinds of herbicides for control effi-cacy,yield and safety in oats.The results showed that there were differences among the treatments with herbi-cides(P <0.05).The Flumetsulam plus Florasulam(FLF)and manual weeding at seeding stage had higher weed control efficacy,which were more than 80%.The effect of FLF was higher than that of manual weeding,the hay yield and kernel yield of FLF were highest to10 739.0 kg/hm2 and 3 238.3 kg/hm2 ,respectiveily,which aver-agely increased 28.7% comparing with the control.Followed by Butralin used before sowing and S-metolachlor used before seeding had better effects of weeds control and yield increasing.The weeds control efficacy of Flu-oroglycofen,Trifluralin and Carfentrazone-ethyl were worst and they injuried oats,and there were covered grain in naked oat individually by using of 2,4-D butylate.Among the indexes of grain yield.The indexes such as plant height,ear length and 1 000-kernel weight were been less affected by the herbicides,but more affects on ear number,kernels number,hay yield and kernel yield.