新疆主要农作物疫霉菌种类鉴定

 1993~1995年,对侵染新疆主要农作物的疫霉菌进行了较全面的调查研究,共从9个地区的28种作物上采集表现根腐、根颈腐、果腐症状(包括病土)的病样1531个,结果从其中17种作物上分离到452个疫霉菌株。根据形态特征、生理生化特性、致病性和菌体可溶性蛋白电泳测定,鉴定为7个种:辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici Leon.),恶疫霉P.cactorum(Leb.et Cohn) Schroeter],掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri Tucker),菸草疫霉(P.nicotianae van Breda de Haan),苎麻疫霉(P.boehm eriaeSaw.),柑桔褐腐疫霉P.citrophthora (Sm.et Sm.) Leonian],隐地疫霉(P.cryptogea Pethyb.etLaff.)。这些疫菌是造成新疆茄果类、瓜类、棉花、苹果、梨、枸杞、草霉、红花、白术等幼苗及成株大量死亡及烂果的主要病原,在农业生产中具有十分重要的意义。

IDENTIFICATION OF Phytophthora SPECIES INFECTING STAPLE CROPS IN XINJIANG

Phytophthora species infecting staple crops in Xinjiang were systematically studied from 1993 to 1995. 1531 diseased plant samples showing root rot,root crown rot and fruit rot from 28 kinds of plant in 9 regions were collected and isolated, 452 Phytophthora isolates were obtained. According to morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, pathogenicity and soluble protein electrophoresis, these Phytophthora isolates were identified as 7 species: Phytophthora capsici Leon., P.cactorum (Leb. et Cohn)Schroeter, P.drechsleri Tucker, P.nicotianae van Breda de Haan, P.boehmeriae Saw., P.citrophthora( Sm. et Sm.)Leonian, P.cryptogea Pethyb. et Laff. They are the major pathogens damaging Solanaceae vegetables, many kinds of melon, cotton, apple and pear tree, strawberry, safflo wer etc., and often leading them to death.