广东的海涂土壤

广东面临南海,岸线长而曲折,多港湾和岛屿,众多河流的来水来沙,形成沿岸大面积的海涂土壤。其土层深厚,质地不一,盐分和养分含量较高,气候条件优越,开垦利用价值很高,潮间带宜农垦面积以珠江口较大,是今后围垦种植的主要基地,适时围垦后可宜发展外向型农业;广阔的潮下带及不适宜农垦的潮间带,宜发展海水养殖业,这是今后海岸带开发利用的重要领域。并毗邻港澳、经济特区和沿海开放城市前缘,因此,积极开发利用丰富的海涂土壤资源,对促进沿海经济发展是有其重要的战略意义。

SOILS ALONG SEABEACH AT GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The soils which distributed in the belt of transition between sea and land are the coastal saline soils developed under the differentactions of coastal landform, river hydrology, tidal wave, climate vegetation and activity of man. According to their differences in soil formation factors and genrtic characteristics,they can be divided into four subgroups: mud solonchak, sandy solonchak, meadow solonchak and mangrove solonchak. Their common characteristics are (1) that soil layers are thick but textures are different: (2) that genetic horizons are not obvious and have the swamping characteristics; (3) that soil salt content is more higher and of obvious salinization; (4) that main clay minerals are illite and kaolinite; (5) that soil nutrients are more higher and the ranges of pH-value are great. At present, the main problems in the use of the coastal soils are low utilization ratio of the soils, and unreasonable utilization of the soils resalting in distraction of mangrove resources. According the acture sctuation, some measues for reasonable use of the soils are recommcended.