不同施肥水平对苹果产量、品质及养分平衡的影响

通过不同养分管理条件下的对比试验,揭示不同氮肥用量对苹果树产量和品质的影响,同时分析了苹果园养分平衡状况。结果表明,不同氮肥处理对单果质量和硬度的影响较大。年周期内0~60 cm土层无机氮的分布由前期随土层深度增加而降低,转变为后期的随深度增加而增加。通过对苹果园养分平衡的计算,果园氮磷钾都存在不同程度的盈余,主要是因为,投入量大而带走量有限。高产园和传统处理钾素都接近平衡,分别盈余16 kg/hm2和亏缺2 kg/hm2,但高产园是高投入高产出下的平衡,传统处理是是低投入低产出下的平衡。

Effect of Different Fertilizing Level on Yield and Quality and Nutrient Equilibrium of Apple

A field expertiment was conducted to study the yield and quanlity of the apple in the different nitrogen feitilizer rates and the nutrient equilibrium.The result indicated nitrogen rates have a siginificant influence to single fruit weight and firmness. The available nitrogen of 20～40 cm changed intensely in the growth cycle. At the beginning of the year Nmin was decreasing with the layer increasing, but Nmin was increasing with the layer increasing at the last stage. Nutrient balance showed there were surplus N,P,K in apple orchard in all treatments,because input of the fertilizer was high but the output was low. K was close to balance in the treatments of high yield orchard and tradition, only surplus 16 kg/hm~2 and -2 kg/hm~2. The balance in the treatments of high yield orchard was high input and high output, but in tradition treatment was low input and low output.