地温年际变化对河南烟草根茎类病害影响及其生态调控

为了研究不同土层地温对烟草根茎类病害发生的影响，采用河南烟区19个代表县市（区）2011—2020年的地温数据（包括0、5、10、20 cm土层），分析了三大生态烟区的地温年际变化特点，并以襄城为例分析了地温与烟草根茎类病害发生程度的关系。结果表明：在不同生育期的同一土层，地温均表现为豫南烟区>豫中烟区>豫西烟区；不同生育期的地温对根茎类病害的影响，伸根期>旺长期>成熟期；不同土层地温中，一般20 cm>5 cm、10 cm>0 cm，而5、10 cm土层地温对根茎类病害的影响差异不明显，这与烟株根系在各土层分布的数量多少有关。并提出了适当调整移栽期、覆膜、揭膜、灌水等根茎类病害生态调控措施，有效降低病害的发生。

Effect of Annual Variation of Soil Temperature on Tobacco Rhizome Diseases in Henan Province and Its Ecological Regulation

To study the effect of soil temperature in different soil layers on the occurrence of tobacco root and stem diseases, the annual variation characteristics of soil temperature in three ecological tobacco areas were analyzed by using the soil temperature data (including 0, 5, 10 and 20 cm soil layers) of 19 representative counties and cities (districts) in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020, and the relationship between soil temperature and the occurrence of tobacco root and stem diseases was analyzed as well with Xiangcheng as an example. The results showed that in the same soil layer at different growth stages, the ground temperature showed as followed: southern Henan tobacco region>central Henan tobacco region>western Henan tobacco region; the effect of soil temperature at different growth stages on rhizome diseases was as followed: root extension stage>vigorous period>mature stage; in different soil layers, the soil temperature of 20 cm>5 cm and 10 cm>0 cm, while the influence of soil temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm on rhizome diseases was not obvious, which was related to the number of tobacco roots distributed in each soil layer. The ecological control measures of rhizome diseases such as proper adjustment of transplanting period, film covering, film uncovering and irrigation were put forward to effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases.