东北地区秸秆燃料化利用发展模式探究

为了研究秸秆燃料化利用不同技术装备特点，探索适宜东北地区的秸秆燃料化利用模式与发展路径，通过实地调查，结合实际运行经验与成本效益，分析了东北地区秸秆燃料化利用现状、工艺特征与发展优势，归纳总结了适宜农村分散居住形式的“一村一厂”分户式秸秆压块利用模式；适宜村镇公共事业单位大面积的采暖生物质锅炉改造供热模式，与燃煤锅炉相比，采暖期节支成本约为30%；秸秆打捆直燃技术，适用于城市或乡镇大中型锅炉的集中供热模式，运行成本更加低廉，与燃煤锅炉相比，采暖期节支成本可达30%～36%。针对秸秆燃料化利用存在的关键问题，在强化组织领导、创新发展理念、健全市场化机制，注重技术支撑、加强宣传与意识提升方面提出对策与建议，从而为东北地区秸秆燃料化利用发展提供理论支撑。

Fuel Utilization of Agricultural Straw in Northeast China: Development and Utilization Modes

To study the characteristics of different technologies and equipment of straw fuel utilization, and explore the appropriate mode and development path of straw fuel utilization in Northeast China, based on field investigation combined with practical operation experience and cost-effectiveness, this paper analyzes the current situation, process characteristics and development advantages of straw fuel utilization in Northeast China, and sums up three heating modes utilized in the region. The “one village, one factory” household straw briquette utilization mode is suitable for scattered residential rural area. The biomass boiler transformation heating mode is suitable for public institutions in villages and towns with large heating area and the cost can be decreased by 30% in heating period compared with coal-fired boiler. The straw bundled direct fired central heating mode with large and medium-sized boilers could be adapted in cities or towns and its cost is much lower, which can be decreased by 30%-36% in the heating period compared with coal-fired boiler. Finally, the countermeasures of strengthening organizational leadership, innovating development concept, perfecting market mechanism, paying attention to technical support, strengthening publicity and consciousness promotion are put forward based on the key problems existing in the utilization of straw fuel in Northeast China.