青海省民和县土地利用景观生态格局动态分析

为研究青海省民和县近20年景观分布规律及其土地利用程度问题，在GIS技术的支持下，将青海省民和县作为研究对象，选用2000、2010、2020年的全球地表覆盖数据GlobeLand30，基于GlobeLand30分类系统，构建分类体系，并通过土地类型转移矩阵得到20年来研究区各景观类型面积及其变化情况，最后利用Fragstats4景观分析软件选取9个主要景观指标，对民和县的景观格局进行斑块类型和景观水平的对比分析。结果表明：（1）面积增加最多的是人造地表，耕地面积减少最多，耕地转化为人造地表的趋势尤为明显；（2）草地和耕地的破碎化程度最高，湿地破碎化程度较小；（3）土地利用程度指数整体上升，土地利用效果明显。进行景观生态格局动态分析对区域的土地利用规划有重要的作用，可为其生态环境保护提供参考。

Dynamic Analysis of Landscape Ecological Pattern in Minhe County of Qinghai Province

The paper aims to study the landscape distribution law and land use degree in Minhe County of Qinghai Province in recent 20 years. With the support of GIS technology, this study took Minhe County in Qinghai Province as the research object, selected the global land cover data GlobeLand30 in 2000, 2010 and 2020, established a classification system according to the GlobeLand30 classification standard, and obtained the area of each landscape type and the change in the 20 years by the land type transfer matrix. Finally, Fragstats4 landscape analysis software was used to select 9 major landscape indicators to make a comparative analysis of patch type and landscape level of landscape pattern in Minhe County. The results showed that: (1) the area of artificial land increased the most, and the area of cultivated land decreased the most; among them, the tendency of cultivated land transformed into artificial land was particularly obvious; (2) grassland and cultivated land had the highest degree of fragmentation, and the wetland was less fragmented; (3) the overall land use degree index increased, and the land use effect was obvious. The dynamic analysis of landscape ecological pattern plays an important role in regional land use planning and lays a foundation for future regional ecological and environmental protection.