夏季不同播期对鲜食玉米产量性状的影响及其评价

鲜食玉米的产量品质和上市时间直接影响了其经济效益，而播期既决定了鲜食玉米成熟的早晚，也对其产量性状的形成存在一定影响。本试验以鲜食玉米‘SD902’为材料，对其夏季不同播期（7月15日，7月20日，7月25日）的产量性状和穗部性状进行了分析和评价。结果表明，播期从7月15日延迟到7月20日时，穗长和穗粗分别增加了5.92%和4.32%；苞叶、穗芯、籽粒干重和穗粒数分别增加了25.55%、39.37%、23.33%和10.71%；秃尖长和穗行数则下降了25.56%和0.32%。但当播期延迟到7月25日时，虽然部分穗部性状呈现下降趋势，但没有表现出显著性差异。综上，在鲜食玉米的夏季栽培过程中，不同播期对鲜食玉米穗部性状的穗长、穗粗、苞叶、穗芯和籽粒干重都有显著影响，适宜的播期可通过增加穗粗和穗粒数实现高产。

Effects on Yield Traits of Fresh Maize and Its Evaluation: Different Sowing Dates in Summer

The yield, quality, and marketing time of fresh maize directly affect its economic benefits, and the sowing date determines the maturity of fresh maize, and has an impact on the formation of yield traits. Fresh maize ‘SD902’ was used in this experiment to analyze and evaluate the yield and ear traits of different sowing dates in summer (July 15^th, July 20^th, and July 25^th). The results showed that when the sowing date was delayed from July 15^th to July 20^th, the ear length and ear diameter increased by 5.92% and 4.32%, respectively. The dry weight of bracts, ear cores, grains, and number of grains per ear increased by 25.55%, 39.37%, 23.33%, and 10.71%, respectively. The length of bald tip and the number of rows per spike was decreased by 25.56% and 0.32% respectively. But when the sowing date was delayed to July 25^th, although some ear traits showed a downward trend, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, during the summer cultivation process of fresh maize, different sowing dates had significant impacts on the ear length, ear diameter, bracts, ear core, and grain dry weight of fresh maize ear traits. The appropriate sowing date could achieve high yield by increasing ear diameter and grain number.