移栽期对甘肃中部党参生长发育及产量的影响

探究移栽期对黄土高原半干旱区党参生长发育和产量的影响，以期为区域党参高产栽培提供理论依据。于2020年在甘肃省定西市进行党参分期移栽试验，设置3个移栽期，以传统移栽期为对照（CK，4月1日移栽），设置较传统移栽期推迟5 d（T₁，4月6日移栽）和10 d（T₂，4月11日移栽）处理，并对不同移栽期党参生长发育、生物量积累特征和产量进行分析。结果表明，不同处理分枝期出现时间差异最大，T₂较CK、T₁分别推迟5、2 d，移栽期推迟，生长期缩短，参根进入快速生长的时间提前，起始生长势(C₀)增大，T₂较CK、T₁分别提高24.72%和6.65%；生长渐增期持续时间随移栽期的推迟而缩短，快增期持续时间差别不大；T₁处理参根平均生长速率(V_a)较CK、T₂分别提高3.73%、2.45%，快增期干物质积累量和生长速率均最高；地上生物量最大生长速率(MGR)表现为T₂>T₁>CK，T₂较CK、T₁分别提高17.29%、10.46%，C₀和V_a均最大，T₂处理C₀较CK、T₁分别提高7.74%、10.32%，V_a增幅分别为19.67%、12.30%；移栽期推迟，地上部不同生长期生长持续时间缩短，干物质积累量和积累速率增大，产量增加，CK、T₁、T₂处理产量分别为257.67、306.68、524.90 g/m²，T₂较CK、T₁分别增加104%、72%。研究结果可为黄土高原半干旱区党参优质栽培，提高气候资源利用率提供参考。

Effects of Transplanting Periods on Growth,Development and Yield of Codonopsis pilosula in Central Gansu

The paper aims to explore the effects of transplanting period on the growth, development and yield of Codonopsis pilosula in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of C. pilosula. In 2020, the stages transplanting experiment of C. pilosula was carried out in Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The three transplanting periods were designed, with the traditional transplanting period as the control (CK, transplanting on April 1), and delay the traditional transplanting period by 5 days (T₁, transplanting on April 6) and 10 days (T₂, transplanting on April 11). The characteristics of growth and development, biomass accumulation and yield of C. pilosula at different transplanting periods were analyzed. The results showed that the difference of emergence time of branching stage in different treatments was the largest, and T₂ treatment was delayed by 5 days and 2 days compared with CK and T₁ respectively. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth period was shortened, and the rapid growth period of root was advanced. The initial growth potential (C₀) was increased, and T₂ treatment was 24.72% and 6.65% higher than CK and T₁. The duration of gradual growth period was significantly shortened with the delay of transplanting period, and the duration of rapid growth period had little difference between different treatments. The average root growth rate (V_a) of T₁ treatment was 3.73% and 2.45% higher than CK and T₂. The accumulation of dry matter and its growth rate in rapid growth period were the highest. The maximum growth rate (MGR) of aboveground biomass showed that T₂> T₁> CK, T₂ increased by 17.29% and 10.46%, compared with CK and T₁. C₀ and V_a were the largest, C₀ in T₂ treatment increased by 7.74% and 10.32% compared with CK and T₁ respectively, and V_a increased by 19.67% and 12.30%. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth duration of different growth period of aboveground biomass was shortened, and the dry matter accumulation amount and its accumulation rate were increased accordingly, and the yield of C. pilosula was increased, the yields of C. pilosula in CK, T₁ and T₂ were 257.67, 306.68 and 524.90 g/m² respectively. The yield of T₂ was 104% and 72% higher than CK and T₁ respectively. The results can provide reference for high-quality cultivation of C. pilosula and improving the utilization rate of climate resources in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.