夜冷短日对‘红颜’草莓花芽分化、物侯期及产量的影响

为探寻夜冷短日对草莓花芽分化、物侯期以及产量的影响，本研究以‘红颜’草莓为试材，设置5个夜冷短日处理，处理时长依次为20 d、15 d、10 d、5 d、0 d(CK),进行花芽分化镜检，记录不同时期花序显蕾以及顶果成熟株数，调查阶段产量。结果表明：进行夜冷短日20 d的处理，其植株最为一致的进入花芽分化肥厚后期，10月17日，65%的植株第一花序显蕾，较CK提前7d, 12月18日，形成第一个产量高峰，较其他处理顶果成熟高峰提前30 d;然而，夜冷短日处理对第二序顶果成熟期、顶果重、以及第一、二序果产量的影响不显著。综上所述，西安地区‘红颜’草莓在定植前进行20d低温夜冷处理可有效促进第一花序花芽分化，提前第一果序采收期。

Effect of Night Chilling and Short Day on Floral Bud Differentiation, Phenophase and Yield in `Benihoppe' Strawberry

In order to study the effect of night chilling and short day on floral bud differentiation, phenophase and yield of strawberry, `Benihoppe'' strawberry was used as the experiment material,treatments of five night chilling and short days were setup, and the duration of treatment was 20d, 15d, 10d,5d,0d(CK).Microscopy was performed on floral bud differentiation, the number of plants with bud showing in frist inflorescence and with inflorescence terminal mellow fruit at different stages were recorded, and the yield at different stages was investigated.The results showed that under the treatment of night chilling and short day for 20 days, the plants entered the late stage of flower bud hypertrophy and were most uniform. On October 17, the first inflorescence of 65% plants showed buds, which was 7d earlier than that of CK. On December 18, the first yield reached its peak, and the terminal fruit ripened 30d earlier than that of other treatments.However, the effects of night chilling and short day had no significant difference at the mature stage of the second inflorescence top fruit, the terminal fruit weight, and the yield. In conclusion, night chilling and short day for 20 days can effectively promote the floral bud differentiation of the first inflorescence and advance the harvest time of the first inflorescence in Xi ''an area.