稻麦联合收获机秸秆撒布板调节方式试验与优化

目前,秸秆还田作为保护性耕作的重要一环,其各阶段技术均广泛引入我国稻麦联合收获机的设计与制造过程中。其中,在秸秆切碎后的抛撒环节,国内大部分收获机型采用撒布板形式,但其调节方式单一、调节角度范围较小,限制了秸秆的田间利用率和还田效果。为此,以久保田988机型为例,以撒布板抛撒位置为试验因素,设计了相应角度调节组合的田间试验,并以秸秆抛撒不均匀度为鉴定依据,分析了其撒布板角度对秸秆抛撒效果的影响。通过对实验数据进行分析,自行设计了一种可手动、电动调节的撒布板角度调节机构,且通过田间试验验证其有效可行,大大提高了秸秆还田利用率,促进了能源再生利用。

Study and Design Optimization on the Angle Adjustments of the Straw Spreader Panel in a Combined Wheat Harvester

At present,straw returning to field is an important part of conservation tillage.The different stages of its technology have been widely introduced into the design and manufacture of combining machine of rice and wheat.However,in sprinkling the straw after it has been shredded,domestic harvester machines use spreading plates with a simple adjustment way and a small adjustment angle range,which limits the field utilization of straw and affects the returning to the field effect.This paper,taking Kubota 988 as an example and the sprinkling position of spreading plates as experimental factors,designs a field experiment on the adjustment combination of the corresponding angle and analyzes the how the angle of the spreading plates influences the effect of straw sprinkling based on the nonuniformity of straw sprinkling.By analyzing experimental data,this paper has designed a machine which could adjust the angle of spreading plates manually or electrically.Also,its effectiveness has been verified in field experiments,which greatly increases the utilization rate of straw returning to the field and promotes energy recycling use.