条带深松清垄秸秆混埋联合作业机的设计与试验

东北三省是全国最大的玉米主产区,玉米种植面积达1.53×107hm2,每年可收集的玉米秸秆量超过1.1×1 011kg。但是,东北玉米秸秆的总利用率不到5 0%,大部分秸秆被废弃或燃烧掉,在浪费大量农业资源的同时更造成了严重的环境污染。秸秆还田能够有效增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,也可以解决中国因秸秆过剩而产生的堆集、焚烧造成的环境污染问题。根据合理耕层构建中深耕改土、间隔耕作、秸秆还田农业技术要求,设计了一种一次作业可完成防堵深松、清垄、混埋及镇压等多功能秸秆混埋还田联合作业机。通过对关键部件防堵深松装置、清垄装置和混埋装置等结构优化设计和运动分析,确定了各关键部件的结构形式和参数,以及各部件的配置关系和整机性能参数。田间试验表明:该机在前进速度为5km/h时,秸秆覆盖量为1.0kg/m2;秸秆混埋深度为15.43cm时,混埋率为95.06%,碎土率为96.02%。该机作业性能达到了设计要求,为东北平原构建合理耕层配套机具的设计、改进和评价提供科学依据与方法。

Design and Experiment of Combined Operation Machine for Banding Subsoiling Rideg Cleaning and Straw Mixed Returning

Northeast Chinese is the largest corn producing area,corn planting area reached 1. 53 × 10^7 hm^2,corn straw per year can be collected more than 1. 1 × 10^11 kg per year. However,the total utilization rate of corn straw in Northeast China is less than 50%,and most of the stalks are abandoned or burned. At the same time,a great deal of agricultural resources are wasted,which leads to serious environmental pollution. Straw returning can effectively increase soil organic matter content,improve soil structure,and also solve the environmental pollution caused by accumulation and incineration of straw in china. According to the technical requirements of reasonable plough layer construction,deep tillage,soil improvement,spacing tillage and straw returning to farmland,developing the new type banding straw mixing returning machine which can complete sub soiling,ridge cleaning,mixing pressing and joint operation at a time in the process of multifunctional tillage and straw-returning operation. Through the analysis of The key components of the anti blocking sub soiling device,ridge cleaning device and mixing device buried structure optimization design and motion analysis,structure and parameters of the key components were determined,meanwhile,the various components of the configuration and performance parameters were determined too. Through the field test of the machine,when the advancing speed is 5 km/h,the coverage of the straw is 1. 0 kg/m2. The rate of mixing is 95. 06%,and the rate of broken soil is 96. 02%.It proves that the operation performance of the machine has reached the design requirement,and provides the scientific basis and method for the design,improvement and evaluation of the reasonable plough layer matching machines in the Northeast Plain.