一体式烟秆拔秆破碎机振动测试与分析

自行研制的一体式烟秆拔秆破碎机存在振动较大、噪音严重、工作质量及可靠性不能令人满意等问题,要解决该问题首先需研究机器系统的振动影响因素。为此,采用DH5925动态信号测试系统对怠速和满油门条件下拖拉机发动机空载、整机空载及田间拔秆实载作业的5种工况下该机的8个测点处的振动进行了测试与分析,得到相应的振动时域特性和频谱特性分布规律,以寻找主要因素。试验结果表明:整机在全油门空载工况下由发动机引起的振动频率为153. 23Hz,破碎机、对辊传输结构、拔秆刀辊引起的激振频率分别为48. 34、27. 5、4.88 Hz,且田间拔秆作业时整机各测点的振动幅度达到2. 65、3. 05、2. 42、2. 99、2. 73、2. 5、2. 81、2. 13 m/s2,相比空载下振动幅度明显增大,这表明拖拉机发动机不平衡燃烧力矩及二阶不平衡惯性力、拔秆刀辊、对辊传输机构及破碎机的回转运动是拔秆破碎机振动的主要原因。对振源部件与机架连接处的减振结构优化,可为降低该机振动的整机结构优化和二代样机设计提供依据。

Integrated Tobacco Stalk Pulling and Shredding Machine Vibration Test and Analysis

Self-developed integrated tobacco stalk pulling and shredding machine has some problems such as large vibration,serious noise,and unsatisfactory working quality and reliability.To solve these problems,it is necessary to research vibration influencing factors of the machine system.In this paper,DH5925 dynamic signal testing system is used to test and analyze vibration in 8 test points under 5 operating conditions idling and full-throttle condition,tractor engine no-load,whole machine no-load,and field real-load stalk pulling operation.Corresponding vibration time domain characteristics and distribution rules of spectral characteristics were obtained to find out the main factors.The test results show that the vibration frequency caused by the engine is 153.23Hz under full-throttle no-load condition,and the excitation frequency caused by the shredding machine,the roller transmission structure,and the pulling knife roller was 48.34,27.5,and 4.88 Hz,respectively.The vibration amplitude of each test point of the whole machine during field stalk pulling operation was 2.65,3.05,2.42,2.99,2.73,2.5,2.81,2.13m/s^2 respectively,which significantly increased compared to no-load condition.It shows that the unbalanced combustion torque and second-order unbalanced inertial force of the tractor engine,the stalk pulling knife roller,the roller transmission mechanism and the shredding machine’s rotational motion are main causes of the vibration of the stalk pulling and shredding machine.Optimization of the vibration-damping structure at the connection between the vibration source component and the frame can provide a basis for entire machine structural optimization and the second-generation prototype design considered to reduce the machine vibration.