玉米籽粒直收中籽粒及穗轴破损形态研究

玉米籽粒直收是我国玉米收获技术的发展趋势,为了进一步降低玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破碎率,采用与沃得农业机械机有限公司联合研制的玉米稻麦联合收获机,对江苏省玉米品种"郑单958"进行籽粒直收试验,并对玉米籽粒及穗轴破损形态进行了研究分析。结果表明:玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破损形态主要为破碎籽粒、缺损籽粒及裂纹籽粒等,缺损籽粒中绝大多数为冠部缺损,有少数胚部缺损裂纹籽粒,各部位中冠部存在裂纹的比例最高,有胚的腹面存在裂纹的比例高于没有胚的背面,籽粒产生纵向裂纹大于产生横向裂纹的比例;玉米穗轴破损形态复杂,长度以2～6cm为主,断面比以1/4和1/2为主,穗轴小端完整度最大。该研究可为玉米联合收获机的进一步优化改进提供参考。

Study on Damage of Corn Kernel and Cob in Corn Kernel Harvesting

Corn kernel harvesting is the development trend of China corn harvesting technology.In order to further reduce the rate of corn kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting,we make some experiments on the Zhengdan958 in Jiangsu province,by the corn and rice combine harvester jointly developed with Jiangsu world agriculture machinery Co.Ltd,and also research the damage morphology of corn kernel and cob.The results show that the main kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting is broken,defective and cracked kernels.The majority of defective kernel is crown defect with a few defect in the embryos,the highest proportion of crack is found in the crown crack in all parts of the kernel.The ratio of crack in the ventral surface of embryos is higher than that in the reverse without embryos.Longitudinal crack in grain are larger than those in transverse cracks.The morphology of corn cobs is complex.The length is mainly 2-6 cm,and the section ratio is mainly 1/4 and 1/2.The completeness of the small end of the cob is the largest.This study provides a reference for the further optimization and improvement of the corn combine harvester.