台风暴雨对热带林生态系统地球化学循环的影响

该文分析了９６１２号台风在海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林天然更新林集水区产生的暴雨径流过程及其水化学动态．结果得出：①总径流系数为３２．４２％，水文响应值为２３．１６％，瞬时最大洪峰流量为０．１１３５ｍ３·ｓ－１·ｈｍ－２；②因受海洋气团的影响，台风过程中该地降水的ｐＨ值、Ｋ和Ｃａ含量很高；③径流水中的ｐＨ及各养分动态变化趋势有两种相反的变化类型，一种是Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ａｌ元素，在降雨强度较大的暴雨期间，养分浓度大，且基本上随降雨强度的增大而增大．另一种是ｐＨ值、Ｋ和Ｓｉ元素，在暴雨期间，浓度随降雨强度的增强而减小，并在最大降雨强度时达到最低值；④台风暴雨能加速森林生态系统养分的丧失；⑤暴雨是热带地区普遍缺磷的一个重要原因；⑥在９６１２号台风暴雨过程中，养分的输入 输出变化表现为Ｎ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ和Ｋ的输入大于输出，Ｐ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ为输出大于输入．

Influence of A Typhoon Storm on Nutrients' Geochemical Cycling in Tropical Mountain Rainforest Ecosystem

The runoff process and water chemical dynamics of the No. 9612 typhoon storm in the regenerated tropical mountain rainforest watershed at Hainan Island's Jianfengling were analyzed comparatively. The results indicated that: ①The total runoff coefficient of the experimental watershed was 32 42%, the hydrological response of the watershed was 23.16% and, the maximum instantaneous recorded flood peak was 0.113 5m 3·s -1 ·hm -2 ;②The pH value, nutrient concentration of K and Ca in the storm were very high due to the influence of maritime tropical air mass;③There were two inverse types of chemical dynamics of streamflow, one is that the nutrient concentration of N, P, Ca, Mg and Al were high during the storm and increased approximately as the rainfall intensity increased, the other is that the pH value, nutrient concentration of K and Si decreased as the rainfall intensity increased and, reached the lowest when the rainfall intensity reached the largest;④Typhoon storm could obviously accelerate loss of nutrient in tropical forest ecosystem;⑤Storm was an important reason of phosphor deficiency in China's tropics;⑥In 9612 typhoon storm, the nutrient budget indicated that the nutrient input in rainfall of N, Mg, Ca and K were correspondingly larger than their output in streamflow and that the nutrient output of P, Al, Si in streamflow were larger than their input in rainfall.