利用花粉粒形态分析法研究桃种质资源的进化关系

通过对桃5个野生近缘种、46份普通桃种质资源进行花粉粒电镜扫描,分析花粉粒之间形态特征的差异,研究光核桃、蟠桃、碧桃等种质资源在桃起源和演化中的地位。结果表明,光核桃花粉粒的形态呈椭圆球形,其外壁纹饰呈简单的直纹平行型,无穿孔,是最原始的桃亚属植物野生种,未发现与栽培种有直接的关系。在普通桃的地方品种中,西北油蟠桃、华北碧桃、垂枝桃、矮化桃等种质资源的花粉粒外壁纹饰均为直纹,有少量穿孔或不明显穿孔,说明蟠桃、碧桃、垂枝桃、矮化桃应属于较为原始的种质类型。供试材料的花粉粒形状以椭圆形为主,且首次发现哈太雷品种的花粉粒呈为圆球形。

Study on the variation and evolution of peach and its related wild species by pollen morphology

The morphological characteristics of pollen grains of 46 cultivars (types) of peach (Primus persica Batsch) and its 5 related wild species were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to analyze the origin and evolution of peach germplasm. Results showed that the pollen grain of P. mira, which is used as material by SEM for the first time, was nearly elliptic in shape and the extine pattern was simply striped with no pores. It was first discovered in peach germplsm that the pollen grains of peach cultivar Hardred was round in shape. Most of local plate -nectarine, ornamental peach and weeping peach cultivars had simple extine pattern, which shows that they were original types.