普通栽培种(S.tuberosum)与新型栽培种(Neo-Tuberosum)配合力的研究

本试验是在1979—1981年闯进行的,采用不完全双列杂交的方法,以五个普通栽培种为母本(经过六代自交),以五个新型栽培种为父本(经过四代自交)配制25个组合。实生种籽用纸营养钵于温床育苗后移栽到大田获得实生块茎,分别栽于哈尔滨和四川,按七个性状考种分析结果:在哈尔滨普通栽培种中,株高、叶宽、块茎重、平均块茎重的一般配合力均以20005为最高。而叶长以呼130为最高,淀粉含量以呼130为最高。在新型栽培种中,叶宽、块茎重、块茎数、平均块茎重以30115为最高,而株高以30120为最高,叶长以30071为最高,块茎数、淀粉含量以30086为最高。在特殊配合力中,块茎重以20005×30071为最高,块茎数以20058×30086为最高,平均块茎重以20005×30071为最高。在四川短日照条件下,普通栽培种中,株高、叶宽、块茎重、平均块茎重一般配合力均以20005为最高,而叶长以20058为最高,块茎数以呼130为最高,淀粉含量以20032为最高。新型栽培种中,叶宽、块茎数以30115为最高,株高以30120为最高,叶长以30086为最高,块茎重、淀粉含量、平均块茎重以30054为最高。在特殊配合力中,块茎重以20005×30054为最高,块茎数以20001×30054为最高,平均块茎重以20005×30054为最高。由本试验还可看出,普通栽培种与新型栽培种杂交实生F_1与无性F_1各性状是呈显著正相关的,因此今后在做配合力鉴定时,即可利用纸营养钵育苗,采用群体取样的方法即可估计出杂种第一年无性系的配合力。

ESTIMATION OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITIES IN GROUP TUBEROSUM AND GROUP ANDIGENA POTATOES

Seven quantitative traits of the cultivated potato (S. tuberosum and S. andigena) were studied in a partial diallel cross experiment. The results of this stuty consisting of 25diallel crosses combinations of five Tuberosum femal parents and five Andigena male parents were obtained.The experimental design is a completely randomized block with three replications, each plot contains 25 seedlings in a single row. Botanical seedlings were grown in paper pot and transplanted to field in early June. 1980. at Harbin. F_1 first year clones randomly sampled from seedling population of each families planted at Harbin(45°N, alt. 500m) and Xichang(28°N, alt 2700m), Sichuan province respectively in 1981.Large general combining ability effects were obtained for plant height, leaf width and total tuber weight of 20005; for leaf length of Xu-130; for totalnummber of tubers of 20058; for plant height of 30120; for leaf width of 30115; for total tuber weight of 30071; ofr total nummber of tubers of 30086. Large specific combining ability effect was rbtained for total tubers weigrt of 20005×30051.There are some differences of general combining ability effect obtaineb from two locations. The combining ability effect for leaf length obtained from Harbin is larger than from Xichang. It seems that group Andigena parents derived from recurrent selection are more adapred to long day-length condition.The correlation between three productive traits of seedling population in each family and its first year clones are significant.