内蒙古保护性耕作技术发展现状和有关问题的思考

保护性耕作在内蒙古经过近10年的发展，取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。文章系统地介绍了内蒙古保护性耕作秸秆根茬覆盖、免少耕播种、杂草综合控制、机械深松、牧草松土补播等技术及应用效果；总结了高秆穴播、矮秆条播、块根块茎、草原改良等4种保护性耕作技术模式；指出了在保护性耕作发展规划制定、农艺技术配套、机具专用性和可靠性、杂草发生及危害等方面存在的突出问题；在长期研究的基础上。探索总结了保护性耕作农田杂草发生规律及特点，明确提出了杂草防除是农牧交错区保护性耕作技术中的重点和难点以及杂草综合控制趋势、控草方式与方法的调整和树立综合控草思想等对策。

Current Situation of Conservation Tillage Technology Development in Inner Mongolia and Issues on Some Related Problems

In the past ten years, some significant economic, social and ecological benefits are made with conservation tillage in Inner Mongolia. Principle and application of some technologies on conservation tillage are systematically described in the paper, for instance, stubble cover, non-minimum tillage planting, integrated weed control, mechanical subsoiling, scarification and compensatory seeding of pasture, and etc. Four kinds of technological patterns are set up, including high stalk with dibble seeding, low stalk with drill, roots with tubers and grassland improvement. Some outstanding problems on programming, complements of agricultural technology, appropriability and reliability of equipments and weeds control. On the bases of long- term research, rules and characteristics of weeds on conservation tillage are summarized. Besides, weeds control is clearly identified as keystone and difficulty in farming-pastoral areas with conservation tillage, which includes the adjusting on trends, modes and means of integrated weeds control and the establishing of a comprehensive thinking on weeds control.