油茶叶片氮磷钾含量与经济性状的关联分析

目的 解析油茶叶片矿质养分含量与其经济性状的相关性，为油茶树体营养状态科学评估和营养管理提供参考。 方法 以广泛栽培的国家油茶良种‘长林4号’和‘长林53号’为研究对象，利用等角对数比（ILR）方法对矿质养分含量多元数据进行处理，分析油茶叶片氮、磷、钾含量与产量、种仁含油率、花芽数量等性状的相关性。 结果 ‘长林53号’叶片氮、磷、钾平均含量分别为12.72、0.89、3.65 g·kg−1，显著高于‘长林4号’叶片氮、磷、钾含量（分别为11.40、0.80、3.11 g·kg−1），且3种矿质元素含量间存在显著的正相关（P < 0.01）；‘长林4号’和‘长林53号’叶片ILR[N, P|K]值与产量呈显著正相关，R2值分别为0.4056和0.7136；‘长林4号’和‘长林53号’叶片ILR[N, P|K]值与花芽/叶比值呈显著正相关，R2值分别为0.9437和0.9887；‘长林4号’和‘长林53号’叶片ILR[N, P|K]值与种仁含油率则呈显著负相关，R2值分别为0.807 4和0.857 3。 结论 不同油茶品种叶片的氮、磷、钾含量差异显著且存在显著正相关，以ILR[N, P|K]值为参考指标在评估不同品种的单位面积冠幅产量和种仁含油率时较单一元素指标更稳定可靠，油茶林分的叶片ILR[N, P|K]值宜控制在0.40～0.43之间。本研究为油茶营养状态的诊断和评估提供了一种新的思路和方法。

Analysis on the Correlations between Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Potassium Content in Leaves and the Economic Characters of Camellia oleifera

Objective To analyze the correlation between mineral elements content in leaves and the economic characters of Camellia oleifera in order to provide references for nutritional status evaluation and nutrition management of C. oleifera. Method Two elite varieties ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 53’ were selected to analyze the correlations between nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents in leaves and the yield, oil content in kernel and flower bud number using isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformation. Result The results showed that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in leaves of ‘Changlin 53’ were 12.72, 0.89 and 3.65 g·kg−1, respectively. It was significantly higher than that of ‘Changlin 4’, which were 11.40, 0.80 and 3.11 g·kg−1, respectively. And a significant positive correlation was found among the three elements (P < 0.01). The ILR[N, P|K] values of ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 53’ were positively correlated with the yield, the R2 value were 0.405 6 and 0.713 6, respectively. The ILR[N, P|K] values of ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 53’ were positively correlated with the flower bud/leaves ratio as well, and the R2 value were 0.943 7 and 0.988 7, respectively. While a negatively correlation was found between ILR[N, P|K] value and oil content in kernel, the R2 values of ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 53’ were 0.807 4 and 0.857 3, respectively. Conclusion The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves are significantly different among cultivars and are positively correlated with each other. Taking ILR[N, P|K] values as reference indexes is more reliable and stable than taking the value of a single element as an index when evaluating the yield per crown area and oil content in kernel of varieties. The ILR[N, P|K] value should be controlled at the level of 0.40-0.43.