Ketamine as a part of anaesthetic management in a dog with twiddler's syndrome |
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| Authors: | V De monte F Staffieri F Birettoni A Bufalari |
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| Institution: | 1. Università degli studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Chirurgica e Radiodiagnostica, Via S. Costanzo, , 4 – 06126 Perugia, Italy;2. Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Dipartimento delle Emergenze e dei Trapianti di Organi Sezione di Cliniche Veterinarie e Produzioni Animali, SP per Casamassima km 3–70010, , Valenzano (Bari), Italy;3. Università degli studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Medica,?Via S. Costanzo, , 4 – 06126 Perugia, Italy |
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| Abstract: | An 11‐year‐old male German shepherd dog was referred for possible pacemaker implantation. A routine 6‐lead electrocardiogram revealed a third‐degree atrio‐ventricular block with a heart rate of 40 to 45 beats/minute. A transvenous pacemaker implantation procedure was scheduled. The dog was premedicated with 10 µg/kg acepromazine and 5 mg/kg pethidine. A dose of 5 mg/kg ketamine and 0·2 mg/kg diazepam were used for induction and isoflurane in O2 and a constant rate infusion of ketamine (20 to 30 µg/kg/minute) were administered for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Due to a twiddler's syndrome, the pacemaker had to be repositioned. For the second procedure, the same protocol was employed except for a lower dose of ketamine both for induction (3 mg/kg) and constant rate infusion (10 to 15 µg/kg/minute). Ketamine appeared to be useful for both management of anaesthesia and cardiac pacemaker implantation in the absence of a temporary pacemaker. |
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