不同植被覆盖土壤水库容特征及渗透速率

通过野外采样和室内分析,以侵蚀裸地土壤为参照,耕作玉米土壤、针阔混交林土壤和撂荒草甸土壤为研究对象,对其土壤水库容变化特征及土壤渗透速率进行了研究。结果表明,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层内各样地的总库容、滞洪库容、兴利库容和最大有效库容从大到小的顺序均为:针阔混交林土壤>耕作玉米土壤>撂荒草甸土壤>侵蚀裸地土壤,而死库容的大小顺序为:耕作玉米土壤>针阔混交林土壤>撂荒草甸土壤>侵蚀裸地土壤。20~80 cm土层内各样地的水库容从大到小的顺序均为:针阔混交林土壤>耕作玉米土壤>撂荒草甸土壤>侵蚀裸地土壤。各样地的水库容均呈现随土层深度增加而下降的趋势。土壤的孔隙状况是影响土壤最大有效库容的主要因素。土壤渗透性能受土壤容重等其他因素的综合影响,针阔混交林土壤、耕作玉米土壤和撂荒草甸土壤的土壤渗透速率均明显高于侵蚀裸地土壤,大小顺序为:针阔混交林土壤>耕作玉米土壤>撂荒草甸土壤>侵蚀裸地土壤。

Studies on Soil Reservoir Characteristics and Permeation Speed in Different Vegetative Cover Soil

Through field sampling and laboratory analysis,the study was made on characteristics of soil reservoirs and permeation speed,taking eroed-land soil as control and mixed coniferous soil,cultivation of maize soil and abandoned meadow soil as the subjects.The results showed that at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer in various places,the total storage capacity,flood detention storage capacity,storage capacity and the maximum effective capacity were in descending order: mixed coniferous soil>cultivation of maize soil>abandoned meadow soil>erode land soil,but the order of their death storage capacity was: cultivation of maize soil>mixed coniferous soil>abandoned meadow soil>erode land soil.At 20-80 cm soil layer,soil reservoir capacity of every plot was in such descending order: mixed coniferous soil>cultivation of maize soil>abandoned meadow soil>eroed-land.The reservoir capacity of every plot tended to decrease with the soil depth.The soil maximum effective capacity was greatly affected by the situation of soil pore.Soil permeability was comprehensively affected by soil bulk density and other factors.However,the permeation speed of mixed coniferous soils,cultivation of maize soil and abandoned meadow soil was significantly higher than that of the eroed-land,and their descending order was: mixed coniferous soil>cultivation of maize soil>abandoned meadow soil>eroed-land soil.