遮阴对抹茶茶园土壤微生物特性及土壤酶活性的影响

分析了遮阴对浙江省抹茶主产区茶园土壤微生物特征以及土壤养分和酶活性变化情况。结果表明,抹茶茶园遮阴后0~20cm土层有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷和有效钾含量较未遮阴茶园增加,达到显著水平。遮阴茶园土壤的有机质含量达49.81g·kg^-1,显著高于未遮阴茶园土壤32.50g·kg^-1(P<0.05)。茶园遮阴后可以显著提升土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、土壤蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性(P<0.05)。遮阴茶园细菌、真菌等多样性指数和基因型丰富度也高于未遮阴茶园。遮阴可以提升抹茶茶园土壤营养元素含量以及与土壤养分转化密切相关的几类酶的活性,增加表层土壤微生物的数量和活性,有利于受损茶园土壤生态系统的恢复和重建,全面提升土壤质量。

Effects of Shading on Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in Matcha Tea Garden Soil

The effects of shading on soil microorganism characteristics, soil nutrient and enzyme activity changes in matcha tea garden of Zhejiang province were analyzed. The results show that shading could significantly increase the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil layer of 0-20 cm. In addition, the organic matter in the soil of shading tea garden reached 49.81 g kg^-1, which was significantly higher than that of the control (32.50 g kg^-1, P<0.05). Shading treatment could significantly improve the activities of urease, invertase, soil protease, acidic phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in soil (P<0.05). The microorganism related indexes such as bacteria and fungi Shannon-wiener diversity indexes (H) and Richness in shading tea garden were also higher than those without shading treatment. Shading on matcha tea garden could increase the number and activities of soil microorganisms, and upgrade soil enzyme activities which were related to soil nutrient. This would enhance soil quality and facilitate the restoration or rebuilding of the damaged soil ecosystem in tea garden.