社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的影响——基于中国老年社会追踪调查的实证研究

基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2016年和2018年两期数据,运用固定效应模型、工具变量法和渠道分析法,实证分析社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的影响。研究发现:社会养老保险显著提高了农村老年人的生活满意度和人际交往,对社会适应具有明显的改善效应,在对内生偏误进行有效处理后,所得结论依然稳健;社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的改善效用具有性别、年龄和居住方式差异;经济支持和情感支持是社会养老保险影响农村老年人社会适应的重要路径。因此,应提高社会养老保障水平并建立稳定持续的增长模式、强化社会养老公共服务均等化并精准施策、积极建设老年友好型社会并重视农村老年人的社会需求,以期进一步提高农村老年人的社会养老保障水平和社会适应能力。

The Impact of Social Pension Insurance on Social Adaptation of the Rural Elderly: An Empirical Study Based on China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey

Based on the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) in 2016 and 2018, this study empirically analyzes the impact of social pension insurance on social adaptation of the rural elderly, using fixed effects models, instrumental variable methods, and channel analysis methods. The results show that social pension insurance significantly improves the life satisfaction and interpersonal communication of elderly people in rural areas, and has a fairly positive effect on social adaptation. After effectively addressing endogenous biases, the conclusions drawn from our study remain solid. The improvement effect of social pension insurance on social adaptation of elderly people in rural areas varies by gender, age, and living pattern. Economic support and emotional support are important means for social pension insurance to affect social adaptation of elderly people in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of social pension security and establish a stable and sustainable growth model, strengthen the equalization of social pension public services and implement targeted policies, actively build an elderly friendly society and pay more attention to the social needs of rural elderly people, in order to further improve the social pension security level and social adaptability of rural elderly people.