农村人情新民俗的制度实践、制度绩效与制度边界——以江西石城移风易俗为例

江西石城"请客不收礼"新民俗的移风易俗实践,促进了农村人情新民俗的诞生与扩散,对当地经济与社会发展产生显著正向影响。新民俗具有强大韧性和高度弹性的制度特性,具有差序执行赋予制度适应性以及非正式制度带来非正式约束的制度优势;新民俗具有助力乡村文化治理、推动乡风文明建设的文化绩效,并通过衔接精准脱贫效力和扩大农村内需市场的礼金治理方式,促进农民共同富裕的经济绩效。基于此,新民俗的扩散路径是基于人情往来地域多元化的现实基础,新民俗具有差序人情底层逻辑的总体特征和地方性仪式性人情的模式分类;基于新民俗创新扩散的时空性特征,需要因势利导的适时切入与因地制宜的本地化改造。

Institutional Practice,Institutional Performance,and Institutional Boundary of New Rural Customs:Taking the Change of Customs and Traditions in Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province as an Example

The practicing of the new folk custom that is "treating guests without receiving gifts" in Shicheng, Jiangxi has promoted the rising and spread of new rural customs, which has a significant positive impact on local economic and social development. New folk customs have the institutional characteristics of remarkable resilience and great flexibility, with institutional advantages such as institutional adaptability brought by differential execution, and informal constraints brought by informal institutions. Besides, new folk customs not only deliver the cultural performance of assisting rural cultural governance, and promoting the construction of rural civilization, but also improve the economic efficiency in achieving common prosperity for farmers by means of gift money governance, which is integrated with the targeted poverty alleviation and the expanding of rural domestic market demand. On this basis, the diffusion of new folk customs is based on the practical foundation of diversified regional human relations. New folk customs have the overall characteristics of differentiated human relations and the pattern classification of local ceremonial human relations. Based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of innovative diffusion of new folk customs, it is necessary to take advantage of the new situation and adapt the customs to local conditions.