中国山水园林的自然观

中国古典园林以自然山水因为主要类型。古代中国人基于“天人合一”的哲学观,产生了人与自然万物可以融为一体,内在性灵与外界自然之间无绝对界限的意识,并且把人与自然合一当作一种最高的境界来追求,从而促使山水文化的产生和繁荣。在山水文化的哺育下,中国园林把崇尚自然、乐山悦水作为造园的指导思想。对自然朴素美的意识,导致中国园林把对追求山林原野自然形态的“真趣”“野趣”作为最高的审美境界;而对于山林原野自然形态美的追求,在园林艺术实践上又必然以利用自然、模拟自然和妙造自然作为造园手法,从而使得园林艺术出于自然而高于自然,达到情景交融、逸味无穷的艺术境界。参10

Natural view of Chinese landscape garden

Landscape garden is the main type of Chinese ancient garden.Based on the philosophical view of "harmonizing relationship between nature and man",ancient Chinese people thought there was no boundary between man and nature and the harmonization of nature and man is the greatest achievement,which caused the production and prosperity of landscape culture.With the cultivation of landscape culture,adoration and appreciation of nature is the guideline of building Chinese gardens.The consciousness of simple beauty of nature makes Chinese people pursue natural morphological beauty,which leads to nature simulation and creation in building gardens.Therefore,landscape gardens originate from nature and are superior to nature,and the highest artistic state is achieved.Ch,10 ref.]