南方丘陵季节性干旱区节水单季中稻模式的生态经济分析

运用生态经济学原理,采取实地调查和田间试验方法,研究南方丘陵典型季节性干旱区新型节水单季中稻模式生态系统的物流、能流特征及其经济效益与生态环境效益。结果表明,与常规稻模式相比,新型节水单季中稻模式的综合效益较高。从经济效益来看,与常规双季稻模式相比,新型节水单季中稻模式的纯收入、成本收益率分别增加104%、144%;与常规单季中稻模式相比,新型节水单季中稻模式的纯收入、成本收益率分别增加83%、21%。从生态环境效益来看,与常规双季稻模式相比,新型节水单季中稻模式的灌溉水量、农药施用量、化肥施用量分别减少34%、5%、32%;与常规单季中稻模式相比,新型节水单季中稻模式的灌溉水量减少8%,且每年削减非点源N污染负荷13.4 kg/hm2。

Ecological Economic Analysis of Water-saving and Mono-season Medium rice Model Ecosystems in Southern China Seasonal Drought Hilly Region

Based on field investigation and experimental data analysis,the ecological economic principles were applied to study the material flow,energy flows,economic and ecological benefits of water-saving medium rice model.The results showed that the net production and the economical production of watersaving medium rice model ecosystems were 378 094×106J/(hm2·a)and 197 793×106J/(hm2·a)respectively.This research indicated that the water-saving medium rice model had a higher integral benefit than local rice model.The higher energy conversion efficiency、light utilization efficiency and economic efficiency were found in water-saving mono-season medium rice model.Meanwhile it could notably save water,fertilizer and pesticide so that it could control agriculture non-point resource pollution.In view of the ecological benefit,its irrigation water,fertilizer and pesticide were decreased by 34%,5% and 32% respectively,compared with local double-cropping rice model.13.4 kg/hm2 of non-point source N pollution load could be cut down annually,compared to local mono-season medium rice model.