基于景观结构的福建省沿海生态风险时空特征

[目的]研究福建省沿海地区区域生态风险变化规律,为该区生态修复工作提供理论依据。[方法]利用ArcGIS和Fragstats软件,基于土地利用变化的生态环境脆弱度和损失度构建景观生态风险评价模型,并利用地统计分析和空间自相关性分析方法,探究研究区生态风险分布特征及生态风险的空间相关性。[结果]建设用地、林地和水域的面积呈上升趋势,灌丛、草地、耕地、滩涂和未利用地的面积均呈现出下降趋势,且碎化程度加深,分离度加大,而建设用地的破碎度和分离度逐渐下降,地域分布逐渐趋于集中;2000—2013年的生态风险空间分布均大致呈带状分布,低、较低及中等生态风险等级的面积均有不同程度的增加,较高、高生态风险等级的面积均有不同程度的减小;研究区内生态风险指数在空间上具有较强的集聚效应,且生态风险指数空间分布均以高—高聚集和低—低聚集为主。[结论]总体生态风险呈下降趋势,生态环境逐步好转,但景观生态问题依然很严峻,因此政府部门要在发展经济的同时注意当地的生态环境,实现经济与生态环境的协调发展。

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Coastal Ecological Risk in Fujian Province Based on Landscape Structure

[Objective] Studying the law of regional ecological risk changes in coastal areas in order to provide theoretical reference for ecological rehabilitation.[Methods] Taking the coastal area of Fujian Province as the research object, using geostatistical analysis and spatial auto-correlation analysis method with ArcGIS and Fragstats software, we constructed a landscape ecological risk assessment model based on the ecological environment vulnerability and loss degree of land use change. The distribution of ecological risk levels in the study area and the spatial correlation of ecological risks were analyzed.[Results] The areas of construction land, forest land, and water area all showed an upward trend, and the areas of shrubs, grassland, cultivated land, mudflats, and unused land all showed a downward trend, and the degree of fragmentation got worsened, the degree of separation was increased. The degrees of fragmentation and separation gradually decreased, and the geographical distribution gradually became concentrated. The spatial distribution of ecological risks in 2000-2013 was roughly in a banded pattern, and the areas at low, lower, and middle ecological risk levels all increased but with different increments. The areas at high and higher ecological risks both had been reduced to some extent. The ecological risk index in the study area had a strong agglomeration effect in space, and the spatial distribution of ecological risk indexes was mostly in high-high and low-low patterns.[Conclusion] The overall ecological risk showed a downward trend, and the ecological environment gradually improved. However, the landscape ecological problems are still severe. Therefore, the government departments must pay attention to the local ecological environment while developing economy, and realize the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment.