生态景观林10种林分枯落物的水文效应

目的]对北京市大兴区生态景观林主要造林树种林下枯落物层的持水能力进行定量研究,为森林生态建设和水土保持工作的开展提供理论依据。方法]以研究区生态景观林中10种不同林分的枯落物层为研究对象,采用室内浸泡法对其水文效应特征进行分析研究。结果]该区枯落物总蓄积量在2.37~5.33t/hm~2之间,顺序依次为:毛白杨油松千头椿刺槐国槐银杏金叶榆元宝枫旱柳紫叶李;最大持水量为5.56~24.92t/hm~2,最大持水率为208.64%~481.62%,最大拦蓄量为5.37~24.24t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量为4.54~20.51t/hm~2;10种林分不同枯落物层的持水量与浸泡时间呈较显著的对数函数关系,其吸水速率与浸泡时间则存在着较显著的幂函数关系。结论]综合比较10种林分枯落物的持水性能,认为毛白杨的持水能力较好,能够较好地涵养水源。

Water-holding Capacity of Litters in Ten Different Types of Ecological Landscape Forest

Objective] To provide theoretical basis for ecological environment construction and the work of soil and water conservation, water-holding capacities of litters were measured in different types of ecological landscape forest in Daxing Distrct, Beijing City.Methods] Litters in 10 types of forest were taken as the study objects, the water-holding capacities were explored by indoor soaking method.Results] The litter storages of the 10 forests ranged from 2.37 to 5.33 t/hm², ranked as:Populus tomentosa > Pinus tabulaeformis > Ailanthus altissima > Robinia pseucdoacacia > Sophora japonica > Ginkgo biloba > Ulmus pumila > Acer truncatum > Salix matsudana > Prunus cerasiferacv. The maximum water-holding capacities and rates ranged from 5.56 t/hm² to 24.92 t/hm², and from 208.64% to 481.62%; and the maximum interception amount and the effective interception amount ranged from 5.37 to 24.24 t/hm² and from 4.54 to 20.51 t/hm², respectively. Water-holding capacities of all types of litters changed logarithmically with soaking time as independent variable; whereas water absorption rates all followed power function.Conclusion] The comprehensive analysis of water-holding capacities of the 10 forests indicated that Populus forest has a higher water-holding capacity and is more beneficial for water conversation.