基于景观结构的眉县土地利用生态风险空间特征

在GIS与RS技术支持下，以眉县为研究区域，根据对遥感影像的解译获取2005年、2010年及2015年土地利用类型数据，划分1 km×1 km网格作为研究单元，根据景观扰动指数与景观脆弱指数构建生态系统模型，借助地统计学与GIS软件进行了空间分析，对眉县土地利用变化影响下的生态风险空间分异特征进行了定量评价。结果表明:眉县土地利用类型中建设用地与林地面积逐年增加，耕地与未利用地面积总体减少，土地利用程度提高。空间自相关分析结果显示高值-高值（H-H）聚集区集中分布于北部首善镇、常兴镇附近，低值-低值（L-L）聚集区主要分布于研究区边界。眉县土地利用生态风险等级整体上呈现逐渐提高的趋势，高风险区主要集中在北部首善镇、常兴镇附近，此区域风险等级提高最为显著，南部生态风险普遍较低，形成北高南低的局面，高风险区、较高风险区面积逐渐扩大。研究结果可为区域生态安全格局构建、土地利用的优化布局提供借鉴。

Analysis of the Characteristics of Land Utilization Ecological Risk Space of Meixian County Based on Landscape Structure

In this paper, with the support of GIS and RS technology, taking Meixian as the study area, based on the remote sensing images in 2005, 2010 and 2015, we obtained the data of land use type, divided into 1 km×1 km grid as the research unit. Based on landscape disturbance index and landscape construction of ecological vulnerability index system model, spatial analysis with geostatistics and GIS software, the space of ecological risk of land use change of Meixian under the influence of the variation was quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the construction land and woodland areas increased year by year in Meixian County, the cultivated land and unused land area reduced, land use degree increased. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that high-high values (H-H) concentrated in the gathering area near the northern town, Changxing Town and Shoushan Town, low value and low value (L-L) gathering area mainly distributed in the study area boundary, showing the overall trend of gradual increase of ecological risk level of land use Meixian; high-risk areas mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the northern town, Changxing Town and Shoushan Town, the regional risk level increased most significantly, the southern ecological risk was generally low, formatting the situation of high risk in north and low risk in south, higher risk area was gradually expanding. These results can provide reference for the construction of regional ecological security pattern and the optimal layout of land use.