安徽省沿淮大豆种植区氮磷流失特征研究

为了探明沿淮地区大豆农民常规施肥种植过程中的氮磷流失情况,采用径流池法,通过2008—2012年野外径流小区试验,研究沿淮大豆种植区大豆生长季氮磷流失特征。5年监测结果表明:大豆种植季处于沿淮地区全年降雨旺盛时期,降雨量占全年降雨量的45.4%~73.27%;大豆生产季农田产流量表现为不施肥空白处理常规处理,不施肥空白处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为173.293~34.639 mm和8.27%~33.68%,常规施肥处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为175.366~30.347 mm和5.72%~34.08%;大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总氮流失量为1.58~14.93 kg/hm2,总氮流失率为0.44%~5.66%,硝态氮流失比例为总氮的40.63%~64.59%,铵态氮流失比例为3.66%~18.16%;大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总磷流失量为0.033~0.56 kg/hm2,常规施肥处理总磷流失率为0.17%~0.27%,可溶性磷流失比例为总磷的31.08%~53.31%。

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff-losses in Bean-planted Region Along the Huaihe River of Anhui Province

In order to make clear about the Nitrogen and Phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted that bean is planted by the normal farmers and used the normal fertilizer, a field trail was carried out to investigate characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted region along the Huaihe River of Anhui Province during the bean growing season using surface runoff ponds from 2008 to 2012. The results of five years experiments showed: the season of bean growing was in an abundant rainfall period of every year, about 45.4%-73.27% of volume rainfall of whole year. The results of the volume of surface runoff showed CK > CF during the bean growing season, the volume and rate of rainfall of CK were 173.293-34.639 mm and 8.27%-33.68%, the statistics of CF were 175.366-30.347 mm and 5.72%-34.08%. The concentration of total nitrogen and TN runoff rate of N-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 1.58-14.93 kg/hm² and 0.44%-5.66%, NO₃^-/TN of surface runoff was 40.63%-64.59%, NH₄ /TN of surface runoff was 3.66%-18.16%. The concentration of total phosphorus and TP runoff rate of P-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 0.033-0.56 kg/hm² and 0.17%-0.27%, DTP/TP of surface runoff was 31.08%-53.31%.